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MOLGEN > Central Dogma > Flashcards

Central Dogma Flashcards

1
Q

Explains the flow of genetic materials

A

Central Dogma

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2
Q

DNA driven DNA synthesis:

A

replication

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3
Q

DNA driven RNA synthesis:

A

Transcription

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4
Q

DNA driven Protein synthesis:

A

Translation

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5
Q

RNA driven DNA synthesis:

A

Reverse Transcription

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6
Q

A process that:
- Maintains chromosome number
- Ensures all cells in the body have exactly the same genetic material

A

DNA Replication

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7
Q

Enzyme that Binds to the DNA ORI that unwinds and unzips the DNA forming a Replication Bubble

A

DNA Helicase

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8
Q

Initial site for DNA synthesis

A

Replication Fork

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9
Q

An enzyme the relieves the tightening of the supercoil to prevent DNA damage

A

Topoisomerase

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10
Q

Attaches to each separated strand, stabilizing them, and preventing them from re-annealing (para ndi sila mattach ulit)

A

Single-strand Binding Protein (SSB)

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11
Q

Enzyme required to specify the starting point of replication and adds a short piece of RNA at the 3’end to serve as a primer

A

RNA Primase

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12
Q

This enzyme guides the enzyme for DNA replication

A

Primer

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13
Q

A step where it adds nucleotides to one strand

A

Elongation

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14
Q

Enzyme that adds complementary DNA nucleotides in a 3’ to 5’ direction

A

DNA Polymerase

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15
Q

which strand is has the 3’ end at the opening of the replication fork, making it easier and faster for polymerase to addd Nucleotides

A

Leading strand

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16
Q

which strand has the 3’ end inside of the replication fork, making it more difficult and slower for dna polymerase to add nucleotides

A

Lagging strand

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17
Q

These are short DNA segments that are formed between the RNA primers

A

Okazaki fragments

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18
Q

What DNA polymerase is Responsible for adding DNA nucleotides

A

DNA polymerase Alpha

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19
Q

What DNA polymerase takes over elongation in the leading strand?; The lagging strand?

A

DNA Polymerase Epsilon
DNA Polymerase Delta

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20
Q

What DNA polymerase is responsible for “Proof reading” the new DNA nucleotides that are being added in both strands

A

DNA Polymerase Delta

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21
Q

A process that finalizes the new DNA strands

A

Termination

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22
Q

Enzyme that adds DNA Nucleotides to form the Okazaki fragments

A

DNA polymerase delta

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23
Q

Removes the daggling flap of short RNA primer but needs help from Dna2 endonuclease

A

Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1)

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24
Q

An enzyme that binds the Okazaki fragment together to form a single continuous DNA strand

A

DNA Ligase

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25
Q

When will you know that termination is completed?

A

Once the replication bubbles meet

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26
Q

Why is DNA replication referred to as SEMICONSERVATIVE

A

because each DNA molecule formed is made up of an OLD dna and a NEW dna strand

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27
Q

Genes that are inherited by an offspring from its parents that contain the instructions or blueprints for building a new organism

A

Gene Expression

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28
Q

Building blocks of the cell are proteins fromed by one or more ____ chains built from a combination of amino acids

A

Polypeptide

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29
Q

The instruction for the type, number, and sequence of amino acids required to make a polypeptide for a protein is in the DNA and referred to as?

A

Genetic code

30
Q

A process where the genetic code will have go be copied

A

Transcription

31
Q

The DNA strand that contains the code is referred to as

A

Sense strand

32
Q

the strand that serves as the template for transcription is the

A

antisense strand

33
Q

promoter containing a series of thymunr and adenine nitrogenous bases

A

TATA Box

34
Q

Enzyme required for transcription

A

RNA polymerase II

35
Q

Helps RNA Polymerase II to bind to the TATA box

A

Transcription factors

36
Q

First Transcription factor that binds tothe TATA Box

A

TFIID

37
Q

stabilizes TFIID

A

TFIIA

38
Q

interacts with TBP molecule and recruits RNA Polymerase II

A

TFIIB

39
Q

Assits in binding of the RNA polymerase II on the promoter

A

TFIIF

40
Q

Binds to the preinitiation complex and helps the binding of TFIIH

A

TFIIE

41
Q

has 9 subunits to initiate the next process

A

TFIIH

42
Q

facilitates in binding of complementary RNA nucleotides to DNA antisense strand

A

RNA Polymerase II

43
Q

process of modifying the terminal nuceloride of the pre-mRna

A

5’ capping

44
Q

removes the terminal phosphate of the 5’ nucelotide

A

RNA triphosphatase

45
Q

attaches a molecule called guanyl phosophate of the 5’ end forming a guanin nucleotide

A

Guanylyl transferase

46
Q

Attaches a methyl group to the guanine nucleotide

A

Methyl transferase

47
Q

final structure formed at the 5’ end which protects the pre-MRNA from degradation and is also important for translation

A

5’ cap / Methylguanosine cap

48
Q

process where RNA polumerase reaches the terminal region of the gene (Transcription)

A

Termination

49
Q

cleaves the pre mrna and separates it from thebRNA polymerase II

A

Cleavage stimulation factor (CstF)

50
Q

recruits Poly A polymerase

A

Cleavage adenylation specificity factor (CPSF)

51
Q

adds about 200 adenine residues of the 3’ end of the pre mrna giving rise to Poly (A) Tail

A

Poly A Polymerase

52
Q

binds to the poly A tail to prevent the degradation of the 3’ end of the pre-mrna

A

Poly A binding protein

53
Q

Coding sequence synthesized in the pre mRNA

A

Exons

54
Q

NonCoding sequence synthesized in the pre mRNA

A

Introns

55
Q

An enzyme that cuts off the introns and joins the remaining exons to form the final or mature mRNA

A

Spliceosome

56
Q

this carries the message that was copied from the Dna

A

Mrna

57
Q

A process there genetic codes carried by the mrna will be translated to a series of amino acids

A

DNA translation

58
Q

Type of RNA that carries the codons

A

mRNA

59
Q

Type of RNA that combined with proteins to form ribosomal subunits

A

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

60
Q

Type of RNA that binds an amino acid on one end and an anticodon on the other

A

tRNA

61
Q

3 identified sites of the small and large subunit of the ribosome

A

A-site (Aminoacyl site)
P-site (peptidyl site)
E-site (exite site

62
Q

for attachment of trna carrying an amino acid

A

A-site (aminoacyl site)

63
Q

where trna withan amino qcid forms a peptide bond to form an amino acid chain

A

P-site (peptidyl site)

64
Q

where trna with no amino acid exits the ribosome

A

E-site (exit site)

65
Q

eiFs that binds to smal subunit of ribosome

A

eIF 1, 1A, 3

66
Q

eiFs that brings the initiator methionyl trna to the small ribosomal subunit at the P-site

A

eIF 2

67
Q

eiFs that binds to the 5’ cap of the mrna

A

eIF 4E

68
Q

eiFs that binds to the poly A tail

A

eIF 4G

69
Q

eiFs that bring the mRNA (with attached eif 4e and 4g) to the small ribosomal subunit

A

eIF 4A & 4B

70
Q

eiFs that triggers the release of eIF 2 from tRNA-met and all other eIFS detach

A

eIF 5

MOLGEN (1 decks)

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