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Central Dogma Flashcards

1
Q

Explains the flow of genetic materials

A

Central Dogma

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2
Q

DNA driven DNA synthesis:

A

replication

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3
Q

DNA driven RNA synthesis:

A

Transcription

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4
Q

DNA driven Protein synthesis:

A

Translation

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5
Q

RNA driven DNA synthesis:

A

Reverse Transcription

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6
Q

A process that:
- Maintains chromosome number
- Ensures all cells in the body have exactly the same genetic material

A

DNA Replication

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7
Q

Enzyme that Binds to the DNA ORI that unwinds and unzips the DNA forming a Replication Bubble

A

DNA Helicase

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8
Q

Initial site for DNA synthesis

A

Replication Fork

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9
Q

An enzyme the relieves the tightening of the supercoil to prevent DNA damage

A

Topoisomerase

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10
Q

Attaches to each separated strand, stabilizing them, and preventing them from re-annealing (para ndi sila mattach ulit)

A

Single-strand Binding Protein (SSB)

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11
Q

Enzyme required to specify the starting point of replication and adds a short piece of RNA at the 3’end to serve as a primer

A

RNA Primase

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12
Q

This enzyme guides the enzyme for DNA replication

A

Primer

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13
Q

A step where it adds nucleotides to one strand

A

Elongation

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14
Q

Enzyme that adds complementary DNA nucleotides in a 3’ to 5’ direction

A

DNA Polymerase

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15
Q

which strand is has the 3’ end at the opening of the replication fork, making it easier and faster for polymerase to addd Nucleotides

A

Leading strand

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16
Q

which strand has the 3’ end inside of the replication fork, making it more difficult and slower for dna polymerase to add nucleotides

A

Lagging strand

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17
Q

These are short DNA segments that are formed between the RNA primers

A

Okazaki fragments

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18
Q

What DNA polymerase is Responsible for adding DNA nucleotides

A

DNA polymerase Alpha

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19
Q

What DNA polymerase takes over elongation in the leading strand?; The lagging strand?

A

DNA Polymerase Epsilon
DNA Polymerase Delta

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20
Q

What DNA polymerase is responsible for “Proof reading” the new DNA nucleotides that are being added in both strands

A

DNA Polymerase Delta

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21
Q

A process that finalizes the new DNA strands

A

Termination

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22
Q

Enzyme that adds DNA Nucleotides to form the Okazaki fragments

A

DNA polymerase delta

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23
Q

Removes the daggling flap of short RNA primer but needs help from Dna2 endonuclease

A

Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1)

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24
Q

An enzyme that binds the Okazaki fragment together to form a single continuous DNA strand

A

DNA Ligase

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25
When will you know that termination is completed?
Once the replication bubbles meet
26
Why is DNA replication referred to as SEMICONSERVATIVE
because each DNA molecule formed is made up of an OLD dna and a NEW dna strand
27
Genes that are inherited by an offspring from its parents that contain the instructions or blueprints for building a new organism
Gene Expression
28
Building blocks of the cell are proteins fromed by one or more ____ chains built from a combination of amino acids
Polypeptide
29
The instruction for the type, number, and sequence of amino acids required to make a polypeptide for a protein is in the DNA and referred to as?
Genetic code
30
A process where the genetic code will have go be copied
Transcription
31
The DNA strand that contains the code is referred to as
Sense strand
32
the strand that serves as the template for transcription is the
antisense strand
33
promoter containing a series of thymunr and adenine nitrogenous bases
TATA Box
34
Enzyme required for transcription
RNA polymerase II
35
Helps RNA Polymerase II to bind to the TATA box
Transcription factors
36
First Transcription factor that binds tothe TATA Box
TFIID
37
stabilizes TFIID
TFIIA
38
interacts with TBP molecule and recruits RNA Polymerase II
TFIIB
39
Assits in binding of the RNA polymerase II on the promoter
TFIIF
40
Binds to the preinitiation complex and helps the binding of TFIIH
TFIIE
41
has 9 subunits to initiate the next process
TFIIH
42
facilitates in binding of complementary RNA nucleotides to DNA antisense strand
RNA Polymerase II
43
process of modifying the terminal nuceloride of the pre-mRna
5' capping
44
removes the terminal phosphate of the 5' nucelotide
RNA triphosphatase
45
attaches a molecule called guanyl phosophate of the 5' end forming a guanin nucleotide
Guanylyl transferase
46
Attaches a methyl group to the guanine nucleotide
Methyl transferase
47
final structure formed at the 5' end which protects the pre-MRNA from degradation and is also important for translation
5' cap / Methylguanosine cap
48
process where RNA polumerase reaches the terminal region of the gene (Transcription)
Termination
49
cleaves the pre mrna and separates it from thebRNA polymerase II
Cleavage stimulation factor (CstF)
50
recruits Poly A polymerase
Cleavage adenylation specificity factor (CPSF)
51
adds about 200 adenine residues of the 3' end of the pre mrna giving rise to Poly (A) Tail
Poly A Polymerase
52
binds to the poly A tail to prevent the degradation of the 3' end of the pre-mrna
Poly A binding protein
53
Coding sequence synthesized in the pre mRNA
Exons
54
NonCoding sequence synthesized in the pre mRNA
Introns
55
An enzyme that cuts off the introns and joins the remaining exons to form the final or mature mRNA
Spliceosome
56
this carries the message that was copied from the Dna
Mrna
57
A process there genetic codes carried by the mrna will be translated to a series of amino acids
DNA translation
58
Type of RNA that carries the codons
mRNA
59
Type of RNA that combined with proteins to form ribosomal subunits
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
60
Type of RNA that binds an amino acid on one end and an anticodon on the other
tRNA
61
3 identified sites of the small and large subunit of the ribosome
A-site (Aminoacyl site) P-site (peptidyl site) E-site (exite site
62
for attachment of trna carrying an amino acid
A-site (aminoacyl site)
63
where trna withan amino qcid forms a peptide bond to form an amino acid chain
P-site (peptidyl site)
64
where trna with no amino acid exits the ribosome
E-site (exit site)
65
eiFs that binds to smal subunit of ribosome
eIF 1, 1A, 3
66
eiFs that brings the initiator methionyl trna to the small ribosomal subunit at the P-site
eIF 2
67
eiFs that binds to the 5' cap of the mrna
eIF 4E
68
eiFs that binds to the poly A tail
eIF 4G
69
eiFs that bring the mRNA (with attached eif 4e and 4g) to the small ribosomal subunit
eIF 4A & 4B
70
eiFs that triggers the release of eIF 2 from tRNA-met and all other eIFS detach
eIF 5

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