Censorship in media

Question 1

Why were Philippines & Russian journalists awarded Nobel Peace Prize?

Answer 1

Awarded for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace ~Norwegian Nobel Committee

Question 2

Philippines journalist

Answer 2

Maria Ressa

–> 35 y/o veteran journalist

–> Heads Rappler, digital media company

–> Grown prominent for investigative reports

–> “It’s never been as hard to be a journalist as it is today” –> Years of legal cases due to Rappler’s work

Question 3

Russian journalist

Answer 3

Dmitry Muratov

• -> Editor-in-chief of Russian investigative newspaper
• -> Probes into wrongdoing and corruption

Question 4

China (+)

Answer 4

2021, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) approved ~1300 domestic media outlets

4x more than 2016

Question 5

China (-)

Answer 5

Caixin media removed

–> One of China’s most liberal sources of info

–> Financial news organization that has reported on official corruption, pollution issues, and public anger at the govt.

Question 6

Quote on censorship

Answer 6

“The internet interprets censorship as damage and routes around it” - John Gilmore (Libertarian, founder of Electronic Frontier Foundation)

Question 7

Pre Digital Age Censorship

Answer 7

State control media, punish those who don’t comply (Straightforward)

E.g. Soviet Union, Mao’s China

Question 8

Modern Age Censorship Issue

Answer 8

2015, “Chinese internet users generate 30bn pieces of info a day, which is too much to censor”, according to China’s internet info officer

Question 9

Modern Age Censorship

Answer 9

Fear: Attempt hide, draw attention (Streisand effect)

Friction: Impose virtual tax (Money,time,effort) to access censored info

Flood: Too much info (Accurate,fake,biased), overwhelmed –> Cheap + Effective