Cellular Transport Flashcards
If the membrane is permeable to particles, what can occur?
Simple diffusion
What are some examples of simple diffusion
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, steroids, fat-soluble vitamins.
In the movement of particles through cell membranes what are the two main processes?
Passive processes and Active processes
Name four passive processes in the movement of particles through a cell membrane
Simple diffusion.
Does not need ATP
Osmosis
Filtration (including dialysis)
What is a passive process in the movement of particles through a cell membrane
No cellular energy is required. Uses pressure, concentration gradients and kinetic energy.
The net movement of solute from an area of high concentration to a low concentration until equilibrium.
Name two active processes in the movement of particles through cell membranes
Bulk transport (Endocytosis and Exocytosis) Needs ATP (cellular energy)
To increase diffusion (passive process) you need to
increase the temperature or the concentration gradient.
Diffusion is more rapid if the particles are…
smaller
Osmosis (Passive Process) - Hypertonic solution means
There are more solutes (such as salts) in the intercellular solution than in the cell. So more water particles in the cell than in the intercellular fluid.
Osmosis (Passive Process) -Hypotonic solution means
There are fewer (less) particule solutes (such as salt) in the intercellular (extracellular) solution than in the cell. There are more water particles in the intercellular fluid than in the cell.
Osmosis (Passive Process) - Isotonic solution means
The solution has the same number of solute particles as the cell, so the solution is isoosmotic to the cell. The solute particles cannot cross the membrane, so there will be no net flow of water into or out of the cell, meaning that the solution is isotonic to the cell.
What is the process your kidneys use to reclaim water from your body?
Osmosis - the kidneys change the salt levels on either side of the filter units.
What is an example of an active transport process
A sodium / potassium ion pump
If you are bringing substances into a cell it is called
Endocytosis
What are the two endocytosis methods
Phagocytosis (cell eats) and pinocytosis (cell drinks)
