Cellular Structure and Function Flashcards
What category of molecules would lipids, carbohydrates and proteins fall into?
Macromolecules
Name the three chemical elements that make up lipids.
CHO
(Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen)
What is a triglyceride made up of?
1 x Glycerol
3 x Fatty Acid tails (can be saturated or unsaturated)
What is the bond called that forms within a triglyceride?
Ester Bond
- There are 3 ester bonds in each triglyceride, as they form between the glycerol molecule and each fatty acid
What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat?
Saturated fat: No C=C double bonds
Unsaturated fat: Contains one or more C=C double bond.
What are the three points of the cell theory?
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.
- All living things are made from one or more cells or from the products of cells.
A cell is identified to have no introns in its DNA. Is this cell Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
Prokaryotic.
A cell is identified to have introns in its DNA. Is this cell Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
A cell contains no membrane-bound organelles. Is it eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Prokaryotic.
What are 2 points of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory?
- Bacterial ribosomal RNA is present
* Bacterial ribosomal RNA gives rise to 70’s ribosomes (like those found in prokaryotes) - Double membrane on chloroplasts and mitochondrion.
* formed as the original chloroplast or mitochondrion prokaryote entered the eukaryotic cell.
Name 4 differences between a plant and an animal cell.
- Chloroplasts (Plants only)
- Cell Wall (Plants only)
- Shape (Rigid more squareish in plants)
- Vacuoles ( Plant cells typically have one large central vacuole that stores water, ions, and other substances.)
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Converts light energy into usable energy for the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondrion.
Powerhouse of the cell -> produces usable energy from glucose.
Where is DNA stored in a prokaryotic cell?
The cytoplasm (inside the cell)
What is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
A single circular chromosome.
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
A nucleotide
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, Pentose Sugar, Nitrogenous base
What bond forms on the sugar-phosphate backbone of a DNA strand, between phosphate groups and pentose sugars?
Phosphodiester bond
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What are the 4 types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Guanine, Cytosol, Adenine, Thymine (GCAT)
What are the 4 types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Guanine, Cytosol, Adenine, Thymine (GCAT)
What is the pentose sugar in DNA?
Deoxyribose
