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Biology Units 1/2 > Cellular Structure and Function > Flashcards

Cellular Structure and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What category of molecules would lipids, carbohydrates and proteins fall into?

A

Macromolecules

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2
Q

Name the three chemical elements that make up lipids.

A

CHO
(Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen)

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3
Q

What is a triglyceride made up of?

A

1 x Glycerol
3 x Fatty Acid tails (can be saturated or unsaturated)

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4
Q

What is the bond called that forms within a triglyceride?

A

Ester Bond
- There are 3 ester bonds in each triglyceride, as they form between the glycerol molecule and each fatty acid

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5
Q

What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat?

A

Saturated fat: No C=C double bonds
Unsaturated fat: Contains one or more C=C double bond.

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6
Q

What are the three points of the cell theory?

A
  1. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
  2. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
  3. All living things are made from one or more cells or from the products of cells.
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7
Q

A cell is identified to have no introns in its DNA. Is this cell Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic.

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8
Q

A cell is identified to have introns in its DNA. Is this cell Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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9
Q

A cell contains no membrane-bound organelles. Is it eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic.

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10
Q

What are 2 points of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory?

A
  1. Bacterial ribosomal RNA is present
    * Bacterial ribosomal RNA gives rise to 70’s ribosomes (like those found in prokaryotes)
  2. Double membrane on chloroplasts and mitochondrion.
    * formed as the original chloroplast or mitochondrion prokaryote entered the eukaryotic cell.
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11
Q

Name 4 differences between a plant and an animal cell.

A
  1. Chloroplasts (Plants only)
  2. Cell Wall (Plants only)
  3. Shape (Rigid more squareish in plants)
  4. Vacuoles ( Plant cells typically have one large central vacuole that stores water, ions, and other substances.)
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12
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

Converts light energy into usable energy for the cell.

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13
Q

What is the function of the mitochondrion.

A

Powerhouse of the cell -> produces usable energy from glucose.

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14
Q

Where is DNA stored in a prokaryotic cell?

A

The cytoplasm (inside the cell)

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15
Q

What is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell?

A

A single circular chromosome.

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16
Q

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

A

A nucleotide

17
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate group, Pentose Sugar, Nitrogenous base

18
Q

What bond forms on the sugar-phosphate backbone of a DNA strand, between phosphate groups and pentose sugars?

A

Phosphodiester bond

19
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

19
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

20
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

21
Q

What are the 4 types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

A

Guanine, Cytosol, Adenine, Thymine (GCAT)

22
Q

What are the 4 types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

A

Guanine, Cytosol, Adenine, Thymine (GCAT)

23
Q

What is the pentose sugar in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

24
Q

What is the pentose sugar in RNA?

A

Ribose

25
Q

What is condensation polymerisation?

A

The chemical elimination of water.

26
Q

What are organelles?

A

An organelle is a sub-cellular structure with a specific function.

27
Q

Define Nucleus

A

Contains DNA which controls cellular functions by coding for proteins.

28
Q

Define Mitochondria

A

Site of Aerobic Cellular Repiration

29
Q

Define Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis
* Folding and transport of the polypeptide
into transport vesicles.

30
Q

Define Golgi Body

A

Final modification and packaging of proteins into secretory vesicles.

31
Q

Define Chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

32
Q

DefinePermanent vacuole

A
  • Storage of cell sap
33
Q

Define Cell Wall

A

Strength and support for the cell

34
Q

List the complementary base pairs combinations.

A

In DNA
Adenine and Thymine.
Guanine and Cytosine

In RNA
Uracila and Adenine

Biology Units 1/2 (1 decks)

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