cellular structure Flashcards
what are cyanobacteria?
the 1st oxygen evolving organsims on earth
they were responsible for oxygenating the atmosphere
what cell type is bacteria?
prokaryotes
no nucleus, no internal organelles
what type of cell are fungi?
eukaryotes
more complex with internal organelles and nucleus (also protozoa, algae)
what is the function of ribosomes?
protein synthesis
found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
what is the function of a cell wall?
structural strength
found in prokaryotes and plant eukaryotes
what is a nucleoid?
simple chromosome found in bacteria (and other eukaryotes)
how many proteins can one gene code for in a cell?
one single protein
this protein will have a “function” within the cell
what macromolecules make up a cell?
proteins (enzymes)
polysaccharides (cell wall and energy)
lipids (cell membrane)
nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
what are gram positive cells?
bound by thick outer peptidoglycan and inner membrane
what is a gram negative cell?
bound by outer and inner membrane, with thin peptidoglycan sandwiched between them
periplasm is the space between membranes
what compund do fungi contain in their membrane?
ergosterol
treatment of candida infections involve inhibiting the synthesis of this
what are hopanoids?
sterol derivatives that provide stability to structure of prokaryotes
