Cellular response and humoral response Flashcards
Cellular response
Recognise the foreign antigen on antigen presenting cell and specific T helper cell with receptor complementary to specific antigen binds to it, becoming activated and dividing rapidly by mitosis to form clones which stimulate B cells for humoral response or they stimulate cytotoxic t cells which produce perforin to kill infected cells.
Humoral response
Clonal selection occurs and B cells then start to divide rapidly by mitosis to form clones( clonal expansion). Some become B plasma cells and secrete antibodies. Antibodies are quaternary structured proteins that which bind to antigen to form antigen-antibody complexes. An antibody will bind to complementary antigen and clump together. This is called agglutination. Then the macrophages come and engulf the pathogen.
Importance of complementary shapes
Fighting of pathogens all depend on T lymphocytes binding to the complementary antigen. If no complementary shapes—–> T cells would not stimulate B cells so no clonal expansion and selection to form plasma cells so no antibodies made.
Furthermore If complementary shapes did not exist the antibody will not be able to form antigen-antibody complexes as antigen no bind to antibody as no complementary. ——–> affects immune system making it less efficient in fighting of diseases and pathogens