Cellular Respiration: Key Area 1.7 Flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
The release of energy from food molecules in cells
What is glucose broken down to?
Broken down into pyruvate in the cytoplasm of cells during glycolysis
What happens in the energy investment phase?
Intermediates of glycolysis are phosphorylase by ATP
How is ATP generated in glycolysis?
By the addition of inorganic phosphate to ADP in an energy pay off phase
What is phosphofructokinase?
An enzyme that catalysed the irreversible transfer of a phosphate from ATP to fructose-6- phosphate in glycolysis
Describe the inhibition of PFK
PFK is the key regulatory enzyme for glycolysis and when ATP and citrate levels are high in the cell, the cell no longer needs metabolic energy production to occur and PFKs activity is inhibited
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
Matrix of the mitochondria
What is pyruvate broken down to in the presence of oxygen?
An acetyl group
what combines to make acetyl coenzyme A?
An acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
What is oxaloacetate regenerated by?
Enzyme mediated reactions in the Citric acid cycle
What do dehydrogenases do?
Remove hydrogen and electrons from intermediates in the citric acid cycle
What’s happens to hydrogen and electrons in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
They are passed to coenzymes NAD and FAD to produce NADH and FADH2
What do NADH and FADH2 do?
Release hydrogen and high energy electrons to the electron transport chain on inner mitochondrial membranes
What are high energy electrons used for?
Pumping hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane
What synthesises ATP?
The return flow of hydrogen ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane, using the membrane protein ATP synthase
