cellular respiration and fermentation Flashcards
what is the name for the anaerobic process in which sugar is converted into pyruvate
glycolysis
how many net ATP are gained in glycolysis
0
what are the products of gylocolysis
2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate
where does glycolgsis take place
cytosol
the products of gylcolysis power the ____________ cycle
Kreb’s/ Citric Acid
what are the outputs of the Kreb’s cycle
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2
where does the Kreb’s cycle take place? What chemical is reuqired to allow permeation into this organelle?
the matrix of the mitochondria; oxygen
the chemical acceptors which function to carry electrons to the ETC are ____________ and ___________.
NADH, FADH2
what happens to the CO2 which is produced?
it is exhaled
when pyruvate and acetly combine, they make a ______ carbon molecule called ___________.
6, acetly CoA
TRUE/FALSE: all organisms do some form of cellular respiration
true (including plants and bacteria)
how many net ATP are gained in ctiric acid cycle?
2
in comparison, aerobic respiration makes _______ ATP and uses _________ oxygen
more, more
what is the final/terminal electron acceptor in the ETC?
oxygen
once the final electrons are picked up by oxygen, what molecule is produced? what does your body do with it?
water (6 molecules total), exhaled along with CO2
how many ATP does the ETC produce
34
what is chemiosmosis?
the production of 34 ATP by moving hydrogen ions passively through the mitochondrial membrane
where does the ETC occur?
in both the cytosol and the matrix
what is the fluid inside the mitochondria called? the folds within the organelle?
matrix, cristae
how many ATP are produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
36
how many ATP are produced from one glucose molecule during anaerobic respiration
2
name the two types of fermentation
lactate and ethanol
what are the inputs of ethanol fermentation? outputs?
glucose, 2 atp
2 atp, ethanol, CO2
what are the inputs of lactate fermentation? outputs?
glucose, 2 atp
2 atp, lactic acid
where does fermentation take place?
cytosol
what electron carrier is used to covert acetaldehyde into ethanol?
2 NADH
what electron carrier converts pyruvate into lactic acid?
2 NADH
what is the main difference between ethanol and lactate fermentation?
the CO2 production
what organisms does ethanol fermentaiton occur in?
yeast, bacteria, moulds, plants
what organisms does lactate fermentation occur in?
fungi, bacteria, people
explain how people can revert into lactate fermentation
when energy output outpaces oxygen intake we revert into fermentation. there is no longer enough oxygen to move our pyruvate into the matrix of the mitochondria, so it stays in the cytosol and produces lactic acid which results in weak muscles, cramping and ultimately DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness)
