cellular respiration and fermentation

Question 1

what is the name for the anaerobic process in which sugar is converted into pyruvate

Answer 1

glycolysis

Question 2

how many net ATP are gained in glycolysis

Answer 2

0

Question 3

what are the products of gylocolysis

Answer 3

2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate

Question 4

where does glycolgsis take place

Answer 4

cytosol

Question 5

the products of gylcolysis power the ____________ cycle

Answer 5

Kreb’s/ Citric Acid

Question 6

what are the outputs of the Kreb’s cycle

Answer 6

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2

Question 7

where does the Kreb’s cycle take place? What chemical is reuqired to allow permeation into this organelle?

Answer 7

the matrix of the mitochondria; oxygen

Question 8

the chemical acceptors which function to carry electrons to the ETC are ____________ and ___________.

Answer 8

NADH, FADH2

Question 9

what happens to the CO2 which is produced?

Answer 9

it is exhaled

Question 10

when pyruvate and acetly combine, they make a ______ carbon molecule called ___________.

Answer 10

6, acetly CoA

Question 11

TRUE/FALSE: all organisms do some form of cellular respiration

Answer 11

true (including plants and bacteria)

Question 12

how many net ATP are gained in ctiric acid cycle?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

in comparison, aerobic respiration makes _______ ATP and uses _________ oxygen

Answer 13

more, more

Question 14

what is the final/terminal electron acceptor in the ETC?

Answer 14

oxygen

Question 15

once the final electrons are picked up by oxygen, what molecule is produced? what does your body do with it?

Answer 15

water (6 molecules total), exhaled along with CO2

Question 16

how many ATP does the ETC produce

Answer 16

34

Question 17

what is chemiosmosis?

Answer 17

the production of 34 ATP by moving hydrogen ions passively through the mitochondrial membrane

Question 18

where does the ETC occur?

Answer 18

in both the cytosol and the matrix

Question 19

what is the fluid inside the mitochondria called? the folds within the organelle?

Answer 19

matrix, cristae

Question 20

how many ATP are produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?

Answer 20

36

Question 21

how many ATP are produced from one glucose molecule during anaerobic respiration

Answer 21

2

Question 22

name the two types of fermentation

Answer 22

lactate and ethanol

Question 23

what are the inputs of ethanol fermentation? outputs?

Answer 23

glucose, 2 atp

2 atp, ethanol, CO2

Question 24

what are the inputs of lactate fermentation? outputs?

Answer 24

glucose, 2 atp

2 atp, lactic acid

Question 25

where does fermentation take place?

Answer 25

cytosol

Question 26

what electron carrier is used to covert acetaldehyde into ethanol?

Answer 26

2 NADH

Question 27

what electron carrier converts pyruvate into lactic acid?

Answer 27

2 NADH

Question 28

what is the main difference between ethanol and lactate fermentation?

Answer 28

the CO2 production

Question 29

what organisms does ethanol fermentaiton occur in?

Answer 29

yeast, bacteria, moulds, plants

Question 30

what organisms does lactate fermentation occur in?

Answer 30

fungi, bacteria, people

Question 31

explain how people can revert into lactate fermentation

Answer 31

when energy output outpaces oxygen intake we revert into fermentation. there is no longer enough oxygen to move our pyruvate into the matrix of the mitochondria, so it stays in the cytosol and produces lactic acid which results in weak muscles, cramping and ultimately DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness)