Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Describe ethanol fermentation?

Answer 1

Pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde by the loss of CO2. Acetaldehyde combines with NADH2 to form ethanol.

Question 2

Describe lactate fermentation

Answer 2

the goal of lactate fermentation is to recycle NAD+ to go back to glycolysis. the pyruvate acts as a electron acceptor from NADH to form lactate and NAD+. The lactate builds up in the blood and NAD+ returns to glycolysis

Question 3

for each section of the mitochondria, state the function

Answer 3

Inner membrane: site of electron transport chain
Outer membrane: allows for the movement of pyruvate
Inner membrane space: Builds out H+ ions to form H+ gradient
Matrix: Contain many enzyme to carry out krebs cycle
Cristae: Folded inner membrane to increase surface area for ATP production. site of electron transport chain.

Question 4

For the enzyme dehydrogenase to work, what must be there?

Answer 4

Dehydrogenase only works if there is another molecule to accept the hydrogen. this is done by the co enzyme NAD, which collects the hydrogen to form NADH.

Question 5

How is triose phoshate turned into pyruvate?

Answer 5

By oxidation. Hydrogen is removed from the 2 triose phosphate molecules. it is catabolized by the enzyme dehydrogenase.

Question 6

list 8 parts of the mitchondria

Answer 6

Outer membrane, inner membrane,innermembrane space, dna, granules, ribosomes, cristae, matrix

Question 7

List the molecules made during glycolysis in order

Answer 7

Glucose + ATP =
Glucose Phosphate+Isomerism=
Fructose Phosphate + ATP=
Fructose bisphosphate+catabloic reaction-
2 Triose (Glyceraldehyde 3 P) + Oxidation+ 2 ADH+2NAD=
2 PEP + 2 ADH=
2 Pyruvate

Question 8

Recall the electron chain in respiration

Answer 8

Electrons and H+ ions are carried to the cristae or electron transport chain by NADH and FADH. NAPH and FADH will release the ions to the next carrier. The process of oxidation and reduction is repeated with further electron carriers in sequence to the final electron receiver, oxygen

Question 9

recall the krebs cycle

Answer 9

Oxaloacetate binds with acetly CoA, to form citrate (6C). Citrate is transformed to alpha ketoglutarate (5C). This releases NADH and CO2. Alpha ketoglutarate is transformed to succinate (4C). This releases NADH and CO2. Succinate is formed to Malate. This releases ATP and FADH2. Malate is then reduced to form oxaloacetate. This releases another NADH molecule.

Question 10

site for kreb cycle?

Answer 10

matrix

Question 11

site of electron transport chain?

Answer 11

cristae

Question 12

what are the products of the kreb cycle?

Answer 12

3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP

Question 13

what is meant by oxygen debt?

Answer 13

after vigorous excersise, the body needs more energy and therefore needs more oxygen to meet demands. Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen needed by the muscles to oxidize the lactic acid back to pyruvate.

Question 14

what is the chemical equation for ethanol fermentation.

Answer 14

C6H12O6—C2H5OH+2CO2+2ATP

Question 15

What is the equation for lactic acid?

Answer 15

C6H12O6— CH3CH(OH)COOH-

Question 16

what is the purpose of lactate dehyrogenase?

Answer 16

The enzyme responsible of reducing pyruvate to lactate

Question 17

what is the purpose of the Co enzyme A

Answer 17

Coenzyme A activates the acetly group to prepare it to join with the 4 carbon compound oxalacetate

Question 18

what occurs in link reaction?

Answer 18

Pyruvate is split into CO2 and a 2 carbon molecule called the acetyl group. the acetyl group is combined with co enzyme A to make acetyl co enzyme A

Question 19

where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Answer 19

cytoplasm

Question 20

why is the ETC called oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 20

Because oxygen is needed for system to work