Cellular Respiration Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Why do autotrophic organisms need to respire?

A

Cannot rely solely on photosynthesis as an energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do autotrophic organisms do?

A

They can fix carbon as complex organic molecules, which are used as an energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What advantage do autotrophic organisms have over heterotrophic organisms?

A

Autotrophic organisms can create their own energy source to use when dark (no photosynthesis occurring)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do heterotrophs gain their supply of energy?

A

By eating plants or organisms which have derived their energy from autotrophs (complex organic compounds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does ‘the energy currency of cells’ refer to?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which types of organisms respire, transferring energy from carbon compounds into ATP?

A

Animals, plants, microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What processes require ATP?

A

Activation of chemicals/active transport/transport of molecules across cell membrane/movement/protein synthesis/cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of ATP?

A

Short term and immediate energy supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does ATP differ from carbs/fats?

A

Carbs and fats act as a long term energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does ATP turn into ADP?

A

The ATP is hydrolysed by the removal of one of its inorganic phosphates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much energy is released through the hydrolysation of ATP to ADP?

A

30.5 kj of energy is released for immediate use by cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is crucial about the release of energy, as a result of the hydrolysation?

A

It is important energy is not released in large bursts otherwise there is risk of energy wastage and damage to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is ATP?

A

A triphosphate nucleoside composed of; the base: adenine; the pentose sugar: ribose; and three phosphate groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is ADP?

A

A diphosphate nucleoside composed of; the base: adenine; the pentose sugar: ribose; and two phosphate groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ADP + Pi and energy added =

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why are enzymes important in respiration?

A

Each step in respiration is an enzyme-catalysed reaction

17
Q

What is the basic description of a coenzyme?

A

An additional molecule, to the enzyme, which assists the enzyme in carrying out its function

18
Q

Why might hydrogenase enzymes require a coenzyme?

A

In oxidation/reduction reactions, they require another molecule to act as the acceptor or donor, of the hydrogen atoms removed by the enzyme

19
Q

Oxidation?

A

A chemical reaction, in which, hydrogen atoms or electrons are lost; or oxygen atoms are gained

20
Q

Reduction?

A

A chemical reaction, in which, hydrogen atoms or electrons are gained, or oxygen atoms are lost

21
Q

What actually is a coenzyme?

A

A non-protein, organic molecule, which binds to an enzymes AS

22
Q

What is NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)?

A

A hydrogen carrier molecule, made in the body, it is an important molecule involved in all stages of respiration

23
Q

What does the nicotinamide part of an NAD molecule do?

A

Accepts a pair of hydrogen atoms, becoming reduced as it does so. When it loses the hydrogen atoms it becomes reduced

24
Q

What is FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)?

A

Similar molecule to NAD and also acts as a hydrogen carrier

25
Q

How does FAD differ from NAD?

A

Contains riboflavin instead of nicotinamide; FAD is tightly bound to a dehydrogenase enzyme (embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane), so only pumps hydrogens back into the matrix

26
Q

How is coenzyme A similar to other co-enzymes?

A

Also an organic molecule