Cellular respiration Flashcards
What is metabolic energy used for? Metabolic energy is used for cell growth, maintenance, repair, and reproduction.
Why do animals need energy for movement? Energy is required for running, flying, swimming, and moving within their environment.
How do endotherms regulate body temperature? They use energy to maintain a constant body temperature.
Why is energy important for reproduction? Energy is needed for gamete production, mating, gestation, and caring for offspring.
Why do autotrophs need energy? They use energy from sunlight to perform photosynthesis.
What is the energy currency in all living things? ATP.
What does ATP stand for? Adenosine triphosphate.
What is ATP’s role in cells? It stores and transfers energy for cellular processes.
Name three cellular processes that use ATP. Active transport, macromolecule synthesis, and muscle contraction.
What molecules control cellular respiration? Enzymes.
What is the ATP-ADP cycle? ATP loses a phosphate to become ADP, then gains one back to reform ATP.
What other molecules besides glucose can be used for respiration? Fatty acids and amino acids.
What is aerobic respiration? A process that breaks down glucose with oxygen to produce ATP.
What is anaerobic respiration? A process that breaks down glucose without oxygen, producing less ATP.
How much ATP does aerobic respiration produce? 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule.
How much ATP does anaerobic respiration produce? 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
Why is anaerobic respiration important for humans? It provides rapid energy when oxygen is low.
What byproduct is produced in anaerobic respiration in humans? Lactic acid.
What is glycolysis? The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
What are the four main steps of glycolysis? Phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation, and ATP formation.
What is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis? It carries electrons and is reduced to NADH.
Where does glycolysis occur? In the cytoplasm.
What is pyruvate? The 3-carbon end product of glycolysis.
What happens to pyruvate after glycolysis? It enters the mitochondria for aerobic respiration or undergoes fermentation.
