cellular respiration

Question 1

aerobic respiration

Answer 1

cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen. Involves three stages, during which glucose and O2 are converted into ATP, CO2, and
water

Question 2

anaerobic fermentation

Answer 2

a metabolic pathway that occurs
in the absence of oxygen. Involves glycolysis, followed by
further reactions that convert pyruvate into lactic acid in
animals, or ethanol and CO2 in yeasts

Question 3

cellular resperation

Answer 3

the process by which cells create usable energy in the form of ATP from a series of biochemical reactions, involving the breakdown of glucose

Question 4

cristae

Answer 4

the folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The site of the electron transport chain

Question 5

electron transport chain

Answer 5

the third stage of aerobic cellular
respiration, in which a series of protein complexes
embedded in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
harness the stored energy in NADH and FADH2 to
generate large amounts of ATP

Question 6

glycolysis

Answer 6

the first stage of aerobic cellular respiration in which glucose is converted to two pyruvate molecules

Question 7

kerbs cycle

Answer 7

the second stage of aerobic cellular
respiration, where multiple reactions occur to create ATP,
NADH, FADH2, and the waste product CO2. Also known as
the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle p. 299

Question 8

mitochondrion

Answer 8

a double-membrane bound organelle that is the site of the second and third
stages of aerobic cellular respiration

Question 9

pyruvate

Answer 9

a three-carbon molecule that can be formed from
the breakdown of glucose via glycolysis p. 301

Question 10

bioethanol

Answer 10

a type of biofuel that is produced via the
anaerobic fermentation of plants such as sugarcane or corn

Question 11

biofuel

Answer 11

fuel created from organic material known as
biomass

Question 12

biomass

Answer 12

organic material, including plants, animal byproducts, and biological waste material. Biomass can be sourced from many industries, including farming, forestry, and food manufacturing

Question 13

carbon neutral

Answer 13

a state in which there is no net release of
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, meaning that there
is a balance between the amount of CO2 that is emitted
during combustion of a fuel and how much was originally
absorbed during the formation process of that fuel

Question 14

renewable

Answer 14

refers to a resource that can typically be
replenished at the same (or faster) rate than it is being
used, meaning it is unlikely to run out