Cellular respiration

Question 1

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 1

a gel-like material in the mitochondrion, or organelle that performs the process of aerobic respiration, that contains ribosomes resembling those of bacteria

Question 2

Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).

Question 3

Fermentation

Answer 3

the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.

Question 4

NAD+

Answer 4

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is an essential coenzyme in regulating metabolism, longevity, DNA repair, and the immune system. A deregulation of NAD+ levels is associated with signs of aging, metabolic diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer.

Question 5

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 5

Alcoholic fermentation is the anaerobic transformation of fructose and glucose (sugars) into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 6

Glycolysis

Answer 6

the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

Question 7

NADH

Answer 7

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H).” It occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy. The NADH produced by the body is involved in making energy in the body. Taking NADH supplements might affect blood pressure and have other effects.

Question 8

Anaerobic

Answer 8

any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth.

Question 9

Cellular respiration

Answer 9

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells derive energy from glucose. The chemical reaction for cellular respiration involves glucose and oxygen as inputs, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP) as outputs.

Question 10

Pigment

Answer 10

any coloured material found in a plant or animal cell

Question 11

Granum

Answer 11

a coin-shaped stack of thylakoids, which are the membrane-like structures found inside the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Question 12

Stomata

Answer 12

Stomata are the tiny openings present on the epidermis of leaves

Question 13

Carbon fixation

Answer 13

the process by which inorganic carbon from the atmosphere is assimilated into living organisms and converted into organic compounds

Question 14

Heterotrophs

Answer 14

A heterotroph is an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 15

Thylakoids

Answer 15

Thylakoids are pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell.

Question 16

Carotenoids

Answer 16

Carotenoids are pigments found in plants and microorganisms, but not synthesized in animals

Question 17

Krebs cycle

Answer 17

a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidization of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide.

Question 18

Pyruvic acid

Answer 18

a yellowish organic acid which occurs as an intermediate in many metabolic processes, especially glycolysis.