Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

Mitochondria break down carbs and fats to make ATP.

Question 2

Aerobic Cellular Respiration (Pathways for energy Release)

Answer 2

Respiration carried out using oxygen to produce ATP. Enzyme reactions where e- are transferred from glucose to oxygen making ATP. Ex. Animals, plants, fungi.
-Glycolysis
-Pyruvate Oxidation
-Krebs cycle
-ETC & chemiosmosis

Question 3

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (Pathways for energy Release)

Answer 3

Respiration carried out without using oxygen to produce ATP. Ex. deep ocean organisms.
-Glycolysis
-Fermentation

Question 4

Anabolism vs Catabolism

Answer 4

Anabolism: Builds bigger molecules
Catabolism: Breaks into smaller molecules

Question 5

Glycolysis (Cytoplasm)

Answer 5

ATP used to split glucose (6-carbon) into 3-carbon molecules (2 pyruvate). ATP converted to ADP, NAD+ reduced to NADH. Has gain of 2 ATP molecules. 2 ATP, 2 NADPH, 2 PYRUVATE PRODUCED.

Question 6

Fermentation

Answer 6

Occurs in the cytoplasm, when oxygen isn’t available. Metabolic pathway, carbs are anaerobically broken into simpler components. ex yeast & bacteria

Question 7

pre-krebs (Mitochondria)

Answer 7

Pyruvate has rection where C atom lost in form of CO2 & other C atoms bond to CoA becoming acetyl CoA. During this, other NAD+ is reduced to NADH. Acetyl CoA starts Kreb’s cycle. PRODUCES:
-2 NADH
-2 PYRUVATES
-2 WASTE CO2
-2 ACETYL CoA

Question 8

Lactate fermentation

Answer 8

Muscles needing more ATP than aerobic respiration provides during strenuous exercise. NADH from glycolysis transfers H+ to pyruvate, making lactic acid & regenerating NADP+. (LACTIC ACID BUILDUP = EXERCISE BURN)

Question 9

Ethanol Fermentation

Answer 9

Begins when CO2 molecule is removed from pyruvate creating 2-C molecule acetaldehyde. NADH pass their e- & H+ to acetaldehyde creating NAD+ and Ethanol (waste product like CO2) Supplies little energy and regenerates NAD+.

Question 10

Krebs Cycle

Answer 10

Acetyl CoA reacts to produce 3 NADH molecules from NAD+, 1 molecule of ATP from ADP, one molecule of FADH2 from FAD. CO2 released as by-product. 1 KREBS CYCLE PRODUCES:
-3 NADH
-1 FADH2
-2 CO2
-1 ATP
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZlmm-yzWrQ&pp=ygULa3JlYnMgY3ljbGU%3D

Question 11

Electron Transport

Answer 11

e- from NADH and FADH2 from Kreb’s are passed from carriers releasing small amounts of energy. Energy is used to pump H+ ions into intermembrane space making concentration gradient. (matrix = low concentration, intermembrane = high concentration). Oxygen (final e- acceptor), accepts e- & H+ ions making H2O.

Question 12

Chemiosmosis

Answer 12

H+ ions not allowed to diffuse back into matrix cuz membrane is semi-permeable. ATP synthase only permeable to H+. Hydrogen flows back down concentration gradient into matrix from intermembrane, energy is released thru ATP synthase. Energy then used to make 32 ATP per glucose.