cellular respiration

Question 1

how is atp achieved in a cell

Answer 1

energy is stored in bonds that join atoms together in molecules, when bonds and molecules are broken, they release energy.

Question 2

ATP cycle

Answer 2

once an atp molecule has given up its energy, it becomes ADP and Pi, ADP can be recharged with energy, the pi is rejoined - this happens in cellular respiration

Question 3

two types of cellular respiration

Answer 3

aerobic - requiring oxygen and anaerobic - without oxygen

Question 4

3 stages of aerobic respiration

Answer 4

1. glycolysis, occurs in the cytosol
2. krebs cycle, occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
3. electron transport, occurs in the cristae of mitochondria

Question 5

how many atp is produced per gluecose molecule in aerobic respiration

Answer 5

30-32

Question 6

gylcolysis

Answer 6

involves the splitting of glucose and does not require oxygen. this stage produces 2 ATP. NADH carriers hydrogen to et

Question 7

krebs cycle

Answer 7

oxygen is not necessary for this stage and 2 ATP molecules are produced. NADH and FADH2 carriers hydrogen to et

Question 8

electron transport

Answer 8

oxygen is required and 26 or 28 atp molecules are produced

Question 9

word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 9

oxygen + glucose = carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 10

symbol equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 10

c6h12o6 + 6o2 (+ ADP +Pi)= 6co2 + 6h2o + 30/32 atp

Question 11

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 11

in yeast, plants and bacteria it breaks down pyruvate into ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide. In mammals after oxygen reserves have been depeted, pyruvate will be broken down into lactic acid.

Question 12

word equation anaerobic respiration animals

Answer 12

glucose = (2) lactic acid + (2) ATP

Question 13

word equation anaerobic respiration plants

Answer 13

glucose = 2 carbon dioxide + 2ATP + 2 ethanol

Question 14

Atp before processed

Answer 14

ADP +P

Question 15

carrier molecule of hydrogen before hydrogen is added is cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Answer 15

NAD, NADP

Question 16

what does energy released from cellular respiration allow the cell to do

Answer 16

active transport, bulk transport, movement, muscle activity, metabolism

Question 17

where is the cristae

Answer 17

outer of the folding

Question 18

where is the matrix

Answer 18

inner of the folding

Question 19

rate of energy release aerobic and anaerobic

Answer 19

aerobic: slower
anerobic: faster

Question 20

efficiency of atp production aerobic and anaerobic

Answer 20

30/32, 2

Question 21

duration of energy release aerobic and anaerobic

Answer 21

aerobic: sustained long term
anerobic: not be sustained in animals as lactate is toxic

Question 22

difference of carrier molecules for respiration and photosynthesis

Answer 22

respiration: NADH
photosynthesis: NADPH

Question 23

anaerobic respiration in yeast, plant, bacteria

Answer 23

2 ADP + Pi and 2 NAD and glucose combine. NAD changes to 2 NADH, 2 ADP changes to 2ATP, gluecose changes to 2 Pyruvate and 2 CO2 are released. NADH brings the hydrogen to the pyruvate to make 2 ethanol.

Question 24

anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 24

glucose combines with 2 ADP + 2 Pi which makes 2 ATP, combines with 2 NAD which carries hydrogen by NADH, the glucose makes 2 pyruvate which combines with the carried hydrogen to make 2 lactate.

Question 25

what is carbon fixing

Answer 25

Carbon fixation is the process by which inorganic carbon from the atmosphere is assimilated into living organisms and converted into organic compounds

Question 26

validity

Answer 26

a measurement is said to be valid if it measures what it is supposed to be measuring. An experiment is said to be valid if it investigates what it sets out and/or claims to investigate.