Cellular Respiration Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Define cellular respiration

A

A set of metabolic reactions in which oxygen is used to make energy [ATP] from glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain how pyruvate is broken down in anaerobic cell respiration

A

Fermentation, O2 not present, lactic acid in animals and alcoholic in plants, only 2 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain how pyruvate is broken down by aerobic cell respiration

A

Link reaction, O2 is present, pyruvate enters mitochondria and converts into acetyl CoA [2 carbon sugar] after which decarboxylation occurs which is oxidized by NAH+, and coenzyme A is acidified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State what glucose (in the cytoplasm) is broken down into during cell respiration.

A

2 pyruvate containing 3 carbons each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Compare oxidation and reduction

A

Oxidation: involves gaining oxygen and losing hydrogen (electrons)
Reduction: involves losing oxygen and gaining hydrogen (electrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Outline the process of glycolysis including phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation, and ATP formation

A

glucose is phosphorylated using 2 ATP,
glucose ring is phosphorylated,
glucose is split (lysis) into 2 3-carbon sugars called pyruvates,
pyruvate molecule sugars are oxidized by NAD+,
4 ATP are produced (2 Net ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the structural components of the mitochondrion

A

Mitochondrial matrix, inner membrane, outer membrane, cristae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate (link reaction) role in aerobic respiration

A

Pyruvate is combined with coenzyme A to release a carbon dioxide molecule and form acetyl-CoA. This results in the reduction of a molecule of NAD+ to NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain the Kreb cycle’s role in aerobic respiration

A

Two carbons enter the reaction in the form of acetyl-CoA. These produce two molecules of carbon dioxide. The reactions generate three molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH. A molecule of ATP is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain the electron transport chain’s role in aerobic respiration

A

NADH and FADH2 donate the electrons that are obtained from previous steps of cellular respiration to the ETC. This step requires oxygen. Without oxygen molecules to accept the depleted electrons at the end of the ETC, the electrons will back up and the process of ATP creation would not be able to continue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain oxidative phosphorylation in terms of chemiosmosis

A

Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 removes hydrogen to setup ATP synthase protein gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain the relationship between the structure of the mitochondrion and its function

A

Mitochondria have a double membrane. In the inner membrane, the electron transport chain exists allowing ATP to be diffused out of the mitochondria’s membrane, through the concentration gradient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

State three properties of oxidation

A
  1. Loss of electrons/hydrogen
  2. Gaining of oxygen
  3. Reducing agent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State three properties of reduction

A
  1. Gain of electrons/hydrogen
  2. Loss of oxygen
  3. oxidizing agent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is CO2 present in cellular respiration?

A

The link reaction and Kreb’s Cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 (arrow) 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP and Heat)

17
Q

Compare oxidation and reduction

A

Oxidation:
1. Loss of electrons/hydrogen
2. Gaining of oxygen
3. Reducing agent
Reduction:
1. Gain of electrons/hydrogen
2. Loss of oxygen
3. oxidizing agent

18
Q

What is an ATP made up of?

A

nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups