Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Cellular respiration

Answer 1

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen, occurs in plants and animals.

Question 2

Glycolysis

Answer 2

First step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid and a little energy, occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

Krebs cycle

Answer 3

Second step of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide and energy; occurs in the mitochondria’s matrix.

Question 4

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Answer 4

Third step of cellular respiration where various forms of energy created thus far are converted into ATP and oxygen creates water; occurs on the mitochondria’s cristae.

Question 5

Fermentation

Answer 5

Process by which cells release a little energy in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic). Uses NADH and makes NAD+ which allows glycolysis to continue making small amounts of ATP.

Question 6

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 6

Anaerobic reaction where pyruvic acid is made into lactic acid and NAD+. Performed by eukaryotes and some bacteria

Question 7

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 7

Anaerobic reaction where pyruvic acid is made into alcohol, carbon dioxide, and NAD+. Performed by yeast and some bacteria

Question 8

Aerobic respiration

Answer 8

With oxygen present, the pyruvic acid continues to the Krebs cycle and then the ETC to create lots of energy; occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 9

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 9

When oxygen isn’t present, organisms will do this to still produce a little energy without fully breaking down the glucose molecule.

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.

Question 11

Glucose

Answer 11

Sugar that is a source of energy for cells

Question 12

Pyruvic acid/Pyruvate

Answer 12

The three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis. Similar to half of a glucose molecule.

Question 13

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 13

A gas created during cellular respiration that is released as pyruvic acid is broken down during the Krebs cycle.

Question 14

Oxygen

Answer 14

Used during the ETC, takes protons and electrons to form water. Taking the electrons allows the ETC to continue which helps create more ATP.

Question 15

Water

Answer 15

Created during the ETC, gathers protons and electrons along with oxygen so the reaction can continue.

Question 16

Energy

Answer 16

The main purpose and product of cellular respiration, comes in three forms throughout the process (ATP, NADH, FADH2).

Question 17

ATP

Answer 17

Main energy source that cells use for most of their work, final form of all energy during cellular respiration.

Question 18

Cellular Respiration Equation

Answer 18

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)

Question 19

Reactant

Answer 19

A starting material in a chemical reaction.

Question 20

Product

Answer 20

A substance produced in a chemical reaction.

Question 21

Cristae

Answer 21

Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain.

Question 22

Matrix

Answer 22

Gel-like fluid inside the mitochondrion where the Krebs cycle occurs.

Question 23

Cytoplasm

Answer 23

A jellylike fluid inside the cell where glycolysis occurs.

Question 24

NADH

Answer 24

A molecule that is created during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, which carries energy to the ETC to make ATP.

Question 25

FADH2

Answer 25

A molecule that is created during the Krebs cycle, which carries energy to the ETC to make ATP.

Question 26

The four macromolecules and their monomers

Answer 26

Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides
Lipids - fatty acids/glycerol
Proteins - amino acids
Nucleic acids - nucleotides