Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Glucose and other molecules from food are broken down to release energy in a complex series of
chemical reactions that together are called –
cellular respiration
— and other molecules from food are broken down to release — in a complex series of that together are called cellular respiration
Glucose, energy, chemical reactions
is a set of metabolic reactions
and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP,
and then release waste products.
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions
and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert — from – into –,
and then release –
biochemical energy, nutrients, ATP, waste products.
The reactions involved in – are catabolic reactions, which break large
molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process.
respiration
The reactions involved in respiration are —, which break large
molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process.
catabolic reactions
The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break – into smaller ones, — in the process.
large
molecules, releasing energy
These processes require a large number of
— which each perform one specific chemical reaction.
enzymes
The general equation for cellular respiration is:
There are three main stages of cellular respiration:
1) Glycolysis
2) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
splits six-carbon sugars into two molecules of pyruvate
Glycolysis
Glycolysis splits — into two molecules of —
six-carbon sugars, pyruvate
The term glycolysis from the Greek —-
Glycol“sweet” or “sugar,” and lysis, “splitting”)
The term – reflects the
fact that the process involves splitting six-carbon sugars into two molecules of pyruvate, a —
molecule.
glycolysis, three carbon
is frequently referred to as Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas or EMP pathway, in honor
of these pioneer workers i.e Gustave Embden (1874-1933), Otto Meyerhof (1883-1951) and Jacob
Parnas in the field.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is frequently referred to as —-, in honor
of these pioneer workers i.e — (1874-1933), — (1883-1951) and — in the field.
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas or EMP pathway, Gustave Embden, Otto Meyerhof, Jacob
Parnas
It is frequently referred to as Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas or EMP pathway, in honor
of these pioneer workers i.e Gustave Embden —, Otto Meyerhof (—) and Jacob
Parnas in the field
(1874-1933), 1883-1951
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway by which — (a – molecule) is converted into two
molecules of – (a – molecule),
glucose, C6, pyruvate, C3
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway by which glucose (a C6 molecule) is converted into two
molecules of pyruvate (a C3 molecule), chemical energy in the form of – is produced, and —- are produced.
ATP, NADH-
reduced coenzymes
The conversion of glucose to pyruvate is an – in which no molecular oxygen is
utilized.
oxidation process
The conversion of — is an oxidation process in which no – is
utilize
glucose to pyruvate, molecular oxygen
The oxidizing agent is the —
coenzyme NAD+
The – is the coenzyme NAD+
oxidizing agent
Metabolic pathway in which molecular oxygen is
not a participant are called –
anaerobic pathway.
Pathways that require molecular oxygen are called
aerobic pathways.
Glycolysis is an
anaerobic pathway.
Glycolysis is the first step in either —.
fermentation or respiration
is the first step in either fermentation or respiration.
Glycolysis
For every glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, — are produced.
two pyruvates,
four ATP molecules, and two NADH molecules
For — that enters glycolysis, two pyruvates,
four ATP molecules, and two NADH molecules are produced.
every glucose molecule
The – is two ATP molecules for each glucose.
net ATP yield
The net ATP yield is – for each .
two ATP molecules, glucose
Glycolysis is a – process in which every step is –.
ten-step, enzyme-catalyzed
–. Two molecules of ATP are invested, adding phosphate
groups to molecules through two substrate-level phosphorylation reactions.
Energy Investment Phase
Energy Investment Phase. Two molecules of ATP are invested, adding phosphate
groups to molecules through two —
substrate-level phosphorylation reactions.
The two substrate-level phosphorylation reactions produces
One
reaction produces a 6-carbon sugar phosphate with one phosphate group. The second
reaction yields a 6-carbon sugar phosphate with two phosphate groups.
