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BSC 2010 > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical energy stored in ATP drives most _________.

A

Cellular Work

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2
Q

ATP is a renewable resource that can be regenerated by _______________.

A

The addition of inorganic phosphate to ADP

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3
Q

What is the final electron acceptor of cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

The citric acid cycle transfers electrons to _____ and _____.

A

NADH and FADH2

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5
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

In the cytosol

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6
Q

The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the

A

H+ concentration gradient across the membrane holding ATP synthase.

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7
Q

What metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

A

Glycolysis

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8
Q

What is a characteristic of NAD+?

A

NAD+ is reduced to NADH in glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle

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9
Q

Summarize ATP use and production in the catabolism of each glucose molecule in glycolysis.

A

two molecules of ATP are used, and four molecules of ATP are produced

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10
Q

Glycolysis results in the net production of what set of molecules per glucose molecule?

A

2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP

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11
Q

What reaction produced the majority of the CO2 released by the complete oxidation of glucose?

A

The citric acid cycle

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12
Q

Upon competition of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy originally stored in each glucose molecule catabolized by cellular respiration is stored in what molecule?

A

NADH

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13
Q

If glucose is the sole energy source for cellular respiration in an animal, what proportion of the carbon dioxide is derived from oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

A

1/3

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14
Q

What is the product from the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

A

NADH and CO2

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15
Q

What could be the products of three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle?

A

3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3FADH2

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16
Q

What process is inhibited first when a cell is deprived of oxygen?

A

The electron transport chain

17
Q

The redox of electron carriers in the electron transport chain provides ___________.

A

the energy to move protons across a membrane and against the chemical gradient of protons.

18
Q

Describe the electron transport chain

A

A series of redox reactions

19
Q

If proteins of the electron transport chain were labeled with a fluorescent tag, the fluorescence observed by microscopy will be localized to which of the following regions of the mitochondria?

A

The inner membrane

20
Q

Energy released from the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells?

A

Mitochondrial intermembrane space

21
Q

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that function in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

A

Oxygen

22
Q

In chemiosmosis, the most direct source of energy used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP is energy released ________.

A

from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient.

23
Q

In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes contain about five times the surface area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, which allows for increased production for?

A

ATP

24
Q

What is an advantage of the electron transport chain?

A

An advantage of the electron transport chain is that a small amount of energy is release with the transfer of an electron between each pair of intermediates.

25
Q

What is the basic function of fermentation?

A

The basic function of fermentation is the regeneration of NAD+, which allows for continued ATP production by glysolysis

26
Q

Fermentation occurs in the absence of what?

A

Oxygen

27
Q

In the absence of oxygen, what is the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis?

A

2 ATP

28
Q

What metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of the eukaryotic cell?

A

glycolysis and fermentation

29
Q

What is the net production of fermentation?

A

ATP, CO2, and ethanol

30
Q

In the presence of oxygen, human cells carry out what type of respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration

31
Q

Aerobic respiration yields what molecule?

A

Acetyl CoA

32
Q

In the absence of oxygen, the human cells carry out what type of respiration?

A

Lactic acid fermentation

33
Q

Yeast and bacteria carry out what type of fermentation?

A

Alcohol fermentation

34
Q

Acetyl CoA molecules will most likely be metabolized in aerobic cellular respiration by which mechanism?

A

By entering the citric acid cycle

BSC 2010 (5 decks)

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