Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Chemical energy stored in ATP drives most _________.
Cellular Work
ATP is a renewable resource that can be regenerated by _______________.
The addition of inorganic phosphate to ADP
What is the final electron acceptor of cellular respiration?
Oxygen
The citric acid cycle transfers electrons to _____ and _____.
NADH and FADH2
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytosol
The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the
H+ concentration gradient across the membrane holding ATP synthase.
What metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?
Glycolysis
What is a characteristic of NAD+?
NAD+ is reduced to NADH in glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
Summarize ATP use and production in the catabolism of each glucose molecule in glycolysis.
two molecules of ATP are used, and four molecules of ATP are produced
Glycolysis results in the net production of what set of molecules per glucose molecule?
2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
What reaction produced the majority of the CO2 released by the complete oxidation of glucose?
The citric acid cycle
Upon competition of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy originally stored in each glucose molecule catabolized by cellular respiration is stored in what molecule?
NADH
If glucose is the sole energy source for cellular respiration in an animal, what proportion of the carbon dioxide is derived from oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
1/3
What is the product from the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
NADH and CO2
What could be the products of three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle?
3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3FADH2
What process is inhibited first when a cell is deprived of oxygen?
The electron transport chain
The redox of electron carriers in the electron transport chain provides ___________.
the energy to move protons across a membrane and against the chemical gradient of protons.
Describe the electron transport chain
A series of redox reactions
If proteins of the electron transport chain were labeled with a fluorescent tag, the fluorescence observed by microscopy will be localized to which of the following regions of the mitochondria?
The inner membrane
Energy released from the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondrial intermembrane space
The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that function in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is
Oxygen
In chemiosmosis, the most direct source of energy used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP is energy released ________.
from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient.
In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes contain about five times the surface area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, which allows for increased production for?
ATP
What is an advantage of the electron transport chain?
An advantage of the electron transport chain is that a small amount of energy is release with the transfer of an electron between each pair of intermediates.
What is the basic function of fermentation?
The basic function of fermentation is the regeneration of NAD+, which allows for continued ATP production by glysolysis
Fermentation occurs in the absence of what?
Oxygen
In the absence of oxygen, what is the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis?
2 ATP
What metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of the eukaryotic cell?
glycolysis and fermentation
What is the net production of fermentation?
ATP, CO2, and ethanol
In the presence of oxygen, human cells carry out what type of respiration?
Aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration yields what molecule?
Acetyl CoA
In the absence of oxygen, the human cells carry out what type of respiration?
Lactic acid fermentation
Yeast and bacteria carry out what type of fermentation?
Alcohol fermentation
Acetyl CoA molecules will most likely be metabolized in aerobic cellular respiration by which mechanism?
By entering the citric acid cycle
