Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO100 > Cellular Reproduction > Flashcards

Cellular Reproduction Flashcards

Mitosis and Binary Fission

1
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized Egg(Embryo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genome

A

A cells DNA(packaged as a double stranded DNA molecule)(in Prokaryotes it is packaged as a single double stranded DNA, molecule in the form of a loop or circle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Human cells (somatic) have how many chromosomes?

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Human gametes(Sperm or Eggs) have how many chromosomes?

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A typical body cell contains Two matched or homologous sets of chromosomes (one set from each biological parent) called what?

A

Diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Human cells that contain one set of chromosomes are called gametes, or sex cells; these are eggs and sperm, and are designated 1n, or…?

A

Haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Upon fertilization, each gamete contributes one set of chromosomes, creating a diploid cell containing matched pairs of chromosomes called?

A

Homologous Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Homologous chromosomes are the same length and have specific nucleotide segments called?

A

Genes (in the exact same location, or locus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anaphase

A

stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are separated from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

binary fission

A

prokaryotic cell division process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cell cycle

A
  • ordered sequence of events through which a cell passes between one cell division and the next
  • ordered series of events involving cell growth and cell division that produces two new daughter cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cell plate

A

structure formed during plant cell cytokinesis by Golgi vesicles, forming a temporary structure
(phragmoplast) and fusing at the metaphase plate; ultimately leads to the formation of cell walls that
separate the two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cell-cycle checkpoint

A

mechanism that monitors the preparedness of a eukaryotic cell to advance through the
various cell-cycle stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

centriole

A

rod-like structure constructed of microtubules at the center of each animal cell centrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

centromere

A

region at which sister chromatids are bound together; a constricted area in condensed
chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

chromatid

A

single DNA molecule of two strands of duplicated DNA and associated proteins held together at the
centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cleavage furrow

A

constriction formed by an actin ring during cytokinesis in animal cells that leads to cytoplasmic
division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

condensin

A

proteins that help sister chromatids coil during prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cyclin

A

one of a group of proteins that act in conjunction with cyclin-dependent kinases to help regulate the cell
cycle by phosphorylating key proteins; the concentrations of cyclins fluctuate throughout the cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)

A

one of a group of protein kinases that helps to regulate the cell cycle when
bound to cyclin; it functions to phosphorylate other proteins that are either activated or inactivated by
phosphorylation

21
Q

cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm following mitosis that forms two daughter cells.

22
Q

FtsZ

A

tubulin-like protein component of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton that is important in prokaryotic cytokinesis
(name origin: Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z)

23
Q

G0 phase

A

distinct from the G1 phase of interphase; a cell in G0 is not preparing to divide

24
Q

G1 phase

A

(also, first gap) first phase of interphase centered on cell growth during mitosis

25
Q

G2 phase

A

(also, second gap) third phase of interphase during which the cell undergoes final preparations for
mitosishaploid reproductive

26
Q

histone

A

one of several similar, highly conserved, low molecular weight, basic proteins found in the chromatin of
all eukaryotic cells; associates with DNA to form nucleosomes

27
Q

interphase

A

period of the cell cycle leading up to mitosis; includes G1, S, and G2 phases (the interim period
between two consecutive cell divisions)

28
Q

karyokinesis

A

mitotic nuclear division

29
Q

kinetochore

A

protein structure associated with the centromere of each sister chromatid that attracts and binds
spindle microtubules during prometaphase

30
Q

locus

A

position of a gene on a chromosome

31
Q

metaphase

A

stage of mitosis during which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate

32
Q

metaphase plate

A

equatorial plane midway between the two poles of a cell where the chromosomes align during
metaphase

33
Q

mitosis

A

(also, karyokinesis) period of the cell cycle during which the duplicated chromosomes are separated
into identical nuclei; includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

34
Q

mitotic phase

A

period of the cell cycle during which duplicated chromosomes are distributed into two nuclei and
cytoplasmic contents are divided; includes karyokinesis (mitosis) and cytokinesis

35
Q

mitotic spindle

A

apparatus composed of microtubules that orchestrates the movement of chromosomes during
mitosis

36
Q

nucleosome

A

subunit of chromatin composed of a short length of DNA wrapped around a core of histone
proteins

37
Q

oncogene

A

mutated version of a normal gene involved in the positive regulation of the cell cycle

38
Q

origin

A

(also, ORI) region of the prokaryotic chromosome where replication begins (origin of replication)

39
Q

p21

A

cell-cycle regulatory protein that inhibits the cell cycle; its levels are controlled by p53

40
Q

p53

A

cell-cycle regulatory protein that regulates cell growth and monitors DNA damage; it halts the progression
of the cell cycle in cases of DNA damage and may induce apoptosis

41
Q

prometaphase

A

stage of mitosis during which the nuclear membrane breaks down and mitotic spindle fibers
attach to kinetochores

42
Q

prophase

A

stage of mitosis during which chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form

43
Q

proto-oncogene

A

normal gene that when mutated becomes an oncogene

44
Q

quiescent

A

refers to a cell that is performing normal cell functions and has not initiated preparations for cell
division

45
Q

retinoblastoma protein (Rb)

A

regulatory molecule that exhibits negative effects on the cell cycle by interactingwith a transcription factor (E2F)

46
Q

S phase

A

second, or synthesis, stage of interphase during which DNA replication occurs

47
Q

septum

A

structure formed in a bacterial cell as a precursor to the separation of the cell into two daughter cells

48
Q

telophase

A

stage of mitosis during which chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, decondense, and are
surrounded by a new nuclear envelope

49
Q

tumor suppressor gene

A

segment of DNA that codes for regulator proteins that prevent the cell from
undergoing uncontrolled division

BIO100 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions