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Neurosurgery ROCA > Cellular physiology > Flashcards

Cellular physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of bipolar neurones?

A
  • Specialised sensory functions
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2
Q

What is the main function of multipolar neurones?

A

motor neurones

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3
Q

What’s the resting membrane potential of neurones?

A

-70mV

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4
Q

How is the membrane potential calculated?

A

Nernst Equation

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5
Q

How is an action potential triggered?

A

1) Stimulus to resting membrane
2) Gate threshold reached at -55mV
3) All or nothing action potential & depolarisation
4) Opens fast Na channels = +30mV
5) Na+ channels close and K+ channels open leading to repolarisation
6) Slight overshoot due to K+ conductance = hyperpolarization

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6
Q

Which fibres are myelinated & unmyelinated?

A

M: A & B fibres
UM: C fibres

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7
Q

What is the function of Aa nerve fibres?

A

Somatic motor
Proprioception

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8
Q

What is the function of Ab nerve fibres?

A

Touch
Pressure

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9
Q

What is the function of Ay nerve fibres?

A

Motor to muscle spindles

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10
Q

What is the function of Ad nerve fibres?

A

Pain
Temp
Touch

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11
Q

What is the function of B nerve fibres?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic

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12
Q

What is the function of C dorsal root nerve fibres?

A

Pain
Temp
Touch
Reflex

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13
Q

What is the function of C sympathetic nerve fibres?

A

Postganglionic fibres

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14
Q

What are the main neurotransmitters and where are they secreted?

A
  • Ach: CNS/PNS/vertebral NMJ
  • Norepinephrine: CNS/PNS
  • Dopamins: CNS/PNS
  • Serotonin: CNS
  • GABA: CNS
  • Glycine: CNS
  • Aspartate: CNS
  • Glutamate: CNS
  • Neuropeptides: CNS/PNS
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15
Q

What are the main functions of the different neurotransmitters?

A
  • ACh: Excitatory
  • NorE: Excitatory/inhibitory
  • Dopamine: Excitatory
  • Serotonin: Inhibitory
  • GABA: Inhibitory
  • Glycine: Inhibitory
  • Glutamate: Excitatory
  • Aspartate: Excitatory
  • Neuropeptides: Excitatory
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16
Q

Which receptors are inotropic?

A
  • Nicotinic Ach
  • GABA-A
  • 5HT
  • NMDA
17
Q

Which receptors are metabotropic?

A

G-Coupled protein receptors
- Muscarinic Ach
- GABA-B
- Dopamine
- Noradrenaline
- Metabopropic glutamate

18
Q

Which nerve roots are motor and which are sensory?

A

Motor: Ventral nerve roots
Sensory: Dorsal nerve roots

19
Q

What is the function of the ascending & descending spinal cord tracts?

A

Ascending: Sensory
Descending: Motor

20
Q

What level of sensation is carried by fasciculus gracilis & cuneatus?

A

Gracilis: Below T6
Cuneatus: Above T6

21
Q

How does the sensory pathway travel?

A

1) Afferent fibres enter SC via dorsal roots/trigeminal/vagus
2) 1st neurone cell body in dorsal root ganglia
3) Ab fibres ascend in dorsal column & synapse in medulla
4) Ad & C fibres branch caudally & rostrally in dorsolateral tract and synapse in in laminae of SC

22
Q

Where are the 1st, 2nd & 3rd order neurones found in the ST tract?

A

1st: receptor - SC
2nd: SC - thalamus
3rd: Thalamus - cortex

23
Q

Where are the 1st, 2nd & 3rd order neurones found in the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway?

A

1st: Receptor - medulla
2nd: Medulla - Thalamus
3rd: Thalamus - Cortex

24
Q

Where does the sympathetic NS originate?

A

Grey matter of lateral horn of the spinal cord T1-L3
Synapse in ganglia of the sympathetic chain

25
Q

Where does the parasympathetic NS originate?

A

Neurones in the brain stem & sacral SC
Ganglia located near or in effector organ

26
Q

Describe the fibres & neurotransmitters of the sympathetic NS

A
  • Short preganglionic fibres
  • Long post ganglionic fibres
  • Nicotinic ACh receptors
  • Postganglionic release NA/Adrenaline, Ach
27
Q

Describe the fibres & neurotransmitters of the parasympathetic NS

A
  • Long preganglionic fibres
  • Short post ganglionic fibres
  • Nicotinic ACh receptors
  • ACh acts on muscarinic ACh receptors in postganglion
28
Q
A

Neurosurgery ROCA (6 decks)

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