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cellular organization Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

monomer

A

the building blocks of polymers

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2
Q

4 biomolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

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3
Q

carbohydrates

A

carbs are a big source of energy and are made of monosaccharides

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4
Q

lipids

A

fats made up of glycerol and fatty acids, long term energy

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5
Q

protien

A

made up of amino acids important for immune system

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6
Q

nucleic acid

A

made up of nucleotides is in all life

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7
Q

CHO CHO CHON CHONP

A

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphorus, carbs lipids protiens nucleic acids

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8
Q

miller urey experiment

A

first attempt at ancient earth simulation urey simulated water cycle to see if biomlicules could form this showed what ancient earth atmosphere was most likely composed of

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9
Q

molecular orginization smallest to largest

A

cell, compund, molucule, element, atom

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10
Q

covelent bonds

A

sharing of electrons very strong they are organic

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11
Q

ionic bonds

A

gaining or losing of elections non organic soluble weak

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12
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

how poler molucules stick together

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13
Q

organic

A

has carbon hydrogen bond C-H

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14
Q

carb polymers

A

monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

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15
Q

polysaccharide ex

A

cellulose and starch

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16
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

the removal of 1 water everytime you bond two molucules

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17
Q

glycogen

A

the starch animals store sugar as

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18
Q

cellulose

A

the starch animals store sugar as

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19
Q

microscope

A

provides inlarged image

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20
Q

SEM

A

scans serface of specimen

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21
Q

TEM

A

transmits electrons through slice of specimen

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22
Q

gene

A

segment of DNA that stores genetic info

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23
Q

molecular genetics

A

the study of DNA on a molecular level

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24
Q

genomics

A

study of genomes

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25
Q

ion

A

atom that has gained or lost electrons

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26
Q

solvent

A

something that dissolves

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27
Q

solute

A

opposite of solvent

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28
Q

lipids

A

long term energy storage, insoluble,

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29
Q

4 groups of lipids

A

triglyceride, phospolipidis, steriods, wax

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30
Q

4 groups of lipids

A

triglyceride, phospolipidis, steriods, wax

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31
Q

ex of lipids

A

fats, oils, cell membrane makeup, hormones, cholesterol, beeswax

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32
Q

triglyceride molecule

A

looks like an E made out of three fatty acids and one glycerol

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33
Q

saturated fatty acid

A

all carbon to carbon bonds are single

34
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

has one double carbon to carbon bond

35
Q

polyunsaturated fatty acids

A

has multiple double carbon to carbon bonds

36
Q

making a lipid

A

the glycerol and fatty acids are joined together by dehydration synthesis

37
Q

hydrolosis

A

when breaking apart lipids you must add a water molecule

38
Q

hydrophic

A

when molecule and water don’t mix

39
Q

phospholipids

A

made of glycerol and two fatty acids they are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

40
Q

waxes characteristics

A

they are non polar and repel water they form in ears to protect ear drums

41
Q

proteins

A

makes up our major structures like hair and nails and they control chemical reactions

42
Q

functions of proteins

A

make protein hormones and they transport chemicals out of cells

43
Q

protein build

A

amino acids and peptide bonds make polypeptide

44
Q

charged amino acid

A

interacts with oppositly carged amino acids

45
Q

protein shape

A

is determined by amino acids and they have a hydrophobic core and they are 3D

46
Q

hemoblobin

A

holds heme in a pocket and it becomes oxygen

47
Q

polypeptide

A

polymer, when it folds it becomes protein

48
Q

ex of proteins

A

enzymes hair nails meat eggs and antibodies

49
Q

nucleic acids

A

genes, stores info and helps make protein and they are a polymer made of nuclotides

50
Q

base of nucleic acids

A

nitrogenous base and all have phosphate bio carbon sugar group

51
Q

phosphote formula

A

PO^4 made of sugar (deoxyribose) and nitrogen base

52
Q

nucleotide (purine)

A

adenine and guanine

53
Q

nucleotide (pyrimidine)

A

thymine, cytosine, and uracil

54
Q

DNA necleotides

A

adenine and guanine thymine and cytosine ATGC

55
Q

RNA nucleotides

A

adenine and guanine cytosine and uracil AUGC

56
Q

purines vs pyrimidines

A

double ring vs single ring

57
Q

molecule A is glucose and molecule B is formed from two glucose what compound is it

A

maltose

58
Q

molecule C is fromed by repeating units of glucose what is it

A

a polysaccharide

59
Q

how would glucose and maltos tast

A

sweet

60
Q

how would cellulose taste

A

starchy

61
Q

what process removes water molecules when combining monomers

A

deydration synthesis

62
Q

the function of glucose, maltose, and cellulose is to

A

provide energy

63
Q

what chemicals did miller and urey use in the experiment

A

they used methane and amonia for the atmosphere

64
Q

why were the chemicals used in the miller urey experiment

A

to simulate earths atmosphere in the early ages

65
Q

why was it necessary to seal the glasses in the miller urey experiment

A

to have a stable enviornment

66
Q

why was the heat sources needed for the miller urey experiment needed

A

to simulate evaporation of water

67
Q

what was the porpuse of the electricle spark in the experiment

A

to simulate lightning

68
Q

what was produced in the miller urey experiment

A

it produced organic molecules

69
Q

why were the products of the experiment so important

A

it revealed how organic molecules could have formed

70
Q

what were some of the strengths and weaknesses of the experiment

A

it wasn’t an acurate representation but it represent what the atmosphere would have been composed of

71
Q

what foods contain saturated fatty acids

A

animal lipids

72
Q

what foods contain unsaturated fatty acids

A

plant lipids

73
Q

what foods would be better for a person’s diet

A

unsaturated fatty acids

74
Q

why shoould a person eat lipids

A

to improve cell membranes and create sterol hormones

75
Q

what is the relation in amino acids to number of water

A

acid total - one = water molecules

76
Q

if a protein contain 500 amino acids how many peptide bonds and water molecules are there

A

499

77
Q

what is the ratio of water molecules to bonds

A

1 to 1

78
Q

write a formula for amino acids to water molecules removed

A

n-1

79
Q

what is the r group

A

the r is the different functional groups

80
Q

list funtions of functions

A

structure, transport, enzymes, and hormones

biology (2 decks)

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