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SGU BPM1 > Cellular Organization > Flashcards

Cellular Organization Flashcards

1
Q

3 major classes of lipids

A

phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids

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2
Q

2 major classes of proteins

A

integral and peripheral

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3
Q

Phospholipid Structure

A
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4
Q

Most abundant membrane lipids

A

Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylethanolamine

Phosphatidylcholine

Phosphatidylinositol

Sphingomyelin

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5
Q

Cholesterol Structure

A
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6
Q

What percentage of lipid molecules are glycolipids

A

5%

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7
Q

Glycolipids are found where?

A

Exclusively in the outer monolayer of the lipid bilayer

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8
Q

Lipid Rafts

A

Cholesterol enriched microdomains

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9
Q

Ganglioside

A

glycosphingolipid + 1 or more sialic acids (NANA)

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10
Q
A

Galactocerebroside; type of glycosphingolipid

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11
Q

What enzyme breaks down GM1?

A

Galactosidases

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12
Q

GM1 Gangliosidosis

A

inherited disorder that progressively destroys neurons as GM1 accumulates

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13
Q
A

GM1 Ganglioside

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14
Q
A

sialic acid (NANA)

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15
Q

integral membrane protein positioning

A

transmembrane and anchored

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16
Q

3 types of anchored integral proteins

A

alpha helix, lipid chain, oligosaccharide linker

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17
Q

Peripheral Membrane proteins

A

NONCOVALENTLY associate with integral membrane proteins

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18
Q

6 categories of integral membrane proteins

A

pumps/carriers/transporters

receptors

linkers

enzymes

structural proteins

channels

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19
Q

Gap junctions allow

A

they are channels that allow passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells

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20
Q

Glycocalyx

A

carbohydrate rich zone on cell surface

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21
Q

3 things that make up the glycocalyx

A

Glycolipids

Glycoproteins

Proteoglycans

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22
Q

functions of glycocalyx

A

establish microenvironment

protection

cell recognition

cell to cell interaction

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23
Q

Lectins

A

involved in cell to cell interactions; carbohydrate binding proteins

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24
Q

Outer leaflet

A

Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingomyelin

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25
Q

Inner Leaflet

A

Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylethanolamine

Phosphatidylinositol

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26
Q

inner and outer leaflets have significantly different

A

charge

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27
Q

Significance of Phosphatidylserine

A

Localizes to inner leaflet, and gets enzymatically transferred to outer leaflet during programmed cell death; triggers phagocytic removal of dying cells

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28
Q

2 main funcitons of lipid rafts

A

signal transduction

endocytosis

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29
Q

lipids and proteins have the ability to move

A

within the plane of the membrane

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30
Q

purposes of cholesterol in membrane

A

generally: stabilize the membrane and reduce membrane fluidity

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31
Q

Permeable

A

hydrophobic, nonpolar, uncharged; O2, CO2, N2, Benzene

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32
Q

Less Permeable

A

Small polar uncharged; H2O, urea, glycerol

even more impermeable: large uncharged polar; glucose, sucrose

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33
Q

Highly Impermeable

A

Charged polar; ions

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34
Q

3 Types of Endocytosis

A

Receptor-Mediated

Pinocytosis

Phagocytosis

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35
Q

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

A

Cargo specific

Clathrin-dependent

36
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Nonspecific

Clathrin-independent

37
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Clathrin-independent

Actin-dependent

38
Q

2 types of Exocytosis

A

Regulated

Constitutive

39
Q

Secretory Cells

A

Regulated Exocytosis; endocrine, exocrine, neurons

40
Q

Regulated exocytosis depends on

A

stimulus and Ca2+ influx

41
Q

Exocytosis

A
42
Q

COP-II coated vesicles bud off the

A

rER and travel from the cis golgi to the trans golgi

43
Q

COP-I coated vesicles bud off the

A

trans golgi and travel toward the rER

44
Q
A

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

(Clathrin coated pits)

45
Q

Dynamin

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis: mediates vesicle pinching off, and uses GTPase

46
Q

clathrin molecules interact with cargo receptors via

A

adaptin

47
Q

receptor recycled, ligand degraded

(receptor-mediated endocytosis)

A

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor

Insulin-glucose transporter receptor

Other peptide hormones & their receptors

48
Q

receptor and ligand recycled

(receptor-mediated endocytosis)

A

Iron, transferrin & transferrin receptor

Major histocompatibility complex I & II

49
Q

receptor and ligand degraded

(receptor-mediated endocytosis)

A

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) & receptor

50
Q

receptor and ligand transcytosis

(receptor-mediated endocytosis)

A

Secretion of immunoglobulins (secretory IgA) into saliva

Secretion of maternal IgG into milk

51
Q

Vesicle Targeting

A
52
Q

Docking complex

A

Rab-GTPase and receptor immobilize

the vesicle near target membrane

53
Q

Early Endosome functions

A

sort and recycle proteins

54
Q

Late endosome functions

A

Receives proteins for degradation

Receives newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes from the Golgi

Matures into a lysosome

55
Q

Pinocytosis ends up with

A

fusion with lysosome

56
Q
A

pinocytotic vessles within the endothelial cells of a blood vessel

57
Q
A

Phagocytosis

58
Q

specialized phagocytes

A

macrophage

neutrophil

59
Q

extension of pseudopods is dependent on

A

actin microfilament polymerization

60
Q

residual body

A

indigestable substances

61
Q

3 domains of cellular life

A

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryota

62
Q
A
63
Q
A

nuclear lamina

64
Q
A

nuclear pores

65
Q

Nuclear Pore Structure

A
66
Q

Largest organelle in the cell

A

nucleus

67
Q

components of the nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope

Nuclear lamina

Nuclear pores

Nucleolus

Nucleoplasm

68
Q
A
69
Q

inner nuclear membrane function

A

scaffold, stabilizing the nuclear envelope

70
Q

inner nuclear membrane is in contact with the

A

nuclear lamina

71
Q

outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the

A

rER

72
Q

nuclear lamin functions

A

forms a meshwork that allows chromatin to attach, and supports nuclear envelope

73
Q

Nuclear Lamin is made of

A

Nuclear lamins (Lamin A and B)

type of intermediate filament

74
Q

Lamin A mutation is seen in

A

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome & other laminopathies

results in abnormally shaped nuclei, and causes accelerated aging conditions

75
Q

what happens to the nuclear lamin during mitosis?

A

it disassembles

76
Q

arrows are pointing to

A

nuclear pore complexes

77
Q
A
78
Q

site of ribosome production

A

nucleolus

79
Q

3 zones of nucleolus

A

Fibrillar center (FC)

Fibrillar material (F)

Granular material (G)

80
Q

fibrillar center of nucleolus

A

Pale staining region

DNA loops of 5 chromosomes

13, 14, 15, 21 & 22

Contain rRNA genes

81
Q

fibrillar material of nucleolus

A

Electron dense

Transcription of rRNA genes

82
Q

granular material of nucleolus

A

Initial ribosomal assembly

83
Q

identify 3 zones of nucleolus

A
84
Q
A
85
Q
A

SGU BPM1 (1 decks)

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