Cellular Organization Flashcards
Lesson 1
1
Q
What are the signs of life?
A
- Ability to grow and develop
- Made up of cells
- Able to respond to stimulus
- Able to maintain homeostasis
- Ability to reproduce
2
Q
What are the levels of organization?
A
- Atom
- Molecule
- Organelle
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
3
Q
What is the smallest structure that is considered a living thing?
A
Cell
4
Q
What are the biomolecules found in living things?
A
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
- Protein
- Carbohydrate
- Lipids
5
Q
What are the inorganic molecules found in non-living things?
A
- Ions
- Water
6
Q
Difference between DNA and RNA
Based on functional roles
A
DNA:
- stores genetic information in the nucleus
- double stranded
- permanent storage form of genetic material
- passed on to offspring
RNA:
- transfer genetic information from within to outside of the nucleus
- single stranded
- temporary storage form of genetic information
- not passed on to offspring
7
Q
Other than genetic information, what other information does the DNA store?
A
DNA contains instructions for the direct synthesis of specific proteins
- synthesis of various biomolecules occur in different locations within the cell
8
Q
Describe the nucleus
A
- Command center of the cell
- Stores DNA in the form of chromatin
- Contains nucleolus
- Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus
9
Q
Describe ribosomes
A
- Comprises of RNA molecules and proteins
- Organized into a large subunit
- Ribosomes attached to the RER, will make proteins that are going to be secreted out of the cell
- Ribosomes that are floating freely in the cytoplasm, will make proteins tat are going to be used within the cell
10
Q
Describe the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
A
- RNA transported out of the nucleus will meet the ribosomes on the RER
- The genetic information in RNA directs protein synthesis
- RER will gather proteins made by the ribosomes on its surface, process and distributes the proteins to other locations
- Produces secreted proteins and membrane proteins
11
Q
Describe the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
A
- Synthesizes and store lipids
- Does not have ribosomes attached to it
- In endocrine glands, it synthesizes steroid hormones
- In liver cells, detoxification of drugs, metabolic waste and chemicals would be carried out
12
Q
Describe the golgi complex
A
- Receives incoming proteins in vesicles from RER, for modification, sorting and packaging
- Secretory vesicles will form, transport both proteins and lipids outside the cell
- Vesicles containing digestive enzymes are released from the golgi apparatus
13
Q
Describe vesicles
A
- Transport molecules made by cells for secretion outside of cells (secretory vesicles)
- Transport molecules within cells (Transport vesicles)
14
Q
Describe lysosomes
A
- Take in damaged/worn out cells
- Contains digestive enzymes
- Fuses with other structures to break down macromolecules
- Material taken form outside of the cell and obsolete cell component within the cells can be broken down
15
Q
Describe peroxisomes
A
- Contains enzymes that degrade fatty acids and amino acids
- This reaction produces hydrogen peroxide
- Hydorgen peroxide will be converted to water and oxygen as it is harmful because it will react with biomolecules
