Cellular Organisation (UNIT 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

CELL DIFFERENTIATION

A

The process by which each cell becomes specialised in structure to suit the role that it will carry out.

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2
Q

Where do all cells in an organism derive from?

A

mitotic division of the fertilised egg.

They all have the same genes.

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3
Q

How does a cell differentiate?

A

Every cell contains the genes needed for it to develop into any one of the many different cells in an organism. But only a few of these genes are are switched on (expressed) in any one cell. Different genes are switched on in each type of differentiated cell. The rest are switched off.

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4
Q

TISSUE

A

A group of similar cells organised into a structural unit that perform a specific function

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5
Q

Give two examples of tissues. Describe.

A
  • Epithelial tissues, found in animals and consist of sheets of cells. They line the surfaces of organs and often have a protective or secretory function.
  • Xylem- Occur in plants and is made up of a number of cell types. Used to transport water and mineral ions throughout the plant and also gives mechanical support.
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6
Q

ORGAN

A

A combination of tissues that are coordinated to perform a variety of functions.

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7
Q

Explain how the tissues in the stomach work to digest food.

A
  • Muscle to churn and mix the stomach contents,
  • Epithelium to protect the stomach wall and produce secretions.
  • Connective tissue to hold together the other tissues.
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8
Q

Describe and explain the tissues that make up a leaf(organ)

A
  • Palisade mesophyll made up of leaf palisade cells, that carry out photosynthesis.
  • Spongy mesophyll adapted for gaseous exchange
  • Epidermis to protect the leaf and allow gaseous diffusion.
  • Phloem to transport organic materials away from the leaf.
  • Xylem to transport water and ions into the leaf.
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9
Q

Organ systems

A

Multiple organs working together to perform a particular function.

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10
Q

Describe 3 organ system in humans.

A
  • DIGESTIVE SYSTEM- digests and processes food. Made up of organs that include the salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, pancreas and liver.
  • THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM- is used for breathing and gas exchange. It is made up of organs that include the trachea, bronchi and lungs.
  • THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM- pumps and circulates blood. It is made up of organs that include the heart, arteries and veins.
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