Cellular Organelles

Question 1

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 1

Modification of carbohydrates
attached to glycoproteins and
proteoglycans
 Polysaccharide &
oligosaccharide synthesis
 Synthesis of sphingomyelin
and glycosphingolipids
 Sorting secretory products
 Marking lysosomal enzymes
with mannose-6-phosphate
(M6P)
 Packaging & storing secretory
products into secretory
granules or vesicles

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

outer and inner membrane and matrix

- Makes ATP, signaling, cell differentiation and cell death

Question 3

Lysosomes

Answer 3

contain digestive enzymes that degrade

organelles and biomolecules

Question 4

Peroxisomes

Answer 4

•synthesis and degradation of
hydrogen peroxide
 ß -oxidation of long-chain fatty acids
 bile acid and cholesterol synthesis
 detoxify alcohol

Question 5

Smooth ER

Answer 5

 Glycogen metabolism
 Lipid synthesis
 Phospholipid synthesis
(other membranes)
 Detoxification
 Steroidogenesis
 Calcium regulation

Question 6

Rough ER

Answer 6

Proteins are modified &
assembled
 Segregation of proteins
for intracellular use and
 Export from the cell
(collagen, cell membrane
proteins)

Question 7

Clathrin-coated vesicles

Answer 7

• can be involved w/ both endocytosis and exocytosis
  Golgi –> lysosomes
  exterior of cell -> lysosomes (eg. cholesterol)
  Dynamin - aids in pinching off
  Adaptins - aids clathrin binding to the vesicle membrane

Question 8

COP-coated vesicles

Answer 8

(coat protein), transporting
products between stacks of the Golgi apparatus (COPIcoated
vesicles), and from the endoplasmic reticulum
to the Golgi apparatus (COPII-coated vesicles)

Question 9

Primary lysosomes

Answer 9

the storage site of lysosomal hydrolases
 No digestive events
 Homogeneous
 Inactive enzymes

Question 10

Secondary lysosomes

Answer 10

catalytic process
 Digestive enzymes
 Heterogeneous
 Active enzymes