cellular organelles

Question 1

performs a specialized metabolic function that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and cell life.

Answer 1

Organelles

Question 2

the largest organelle of a cell

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

How many nucleus do most cells have?

Answer 3

One

Question 4

What cells have multiple nuclei?

Answer 4

Skeletal muscle cells

Question 5

It do not have a nucleus, or are nonnucleated

Answer 5

mature red blood cells of mammals

Question 6

What does nucleus contain which encode all cell structures and functions?

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

What consists the nucleus?

Answer 7

chromatin,
one or more nucleoli (singular, nucleolus),
nuclear matrix

Question 8

Composed of an Inner and Outer membrane with an intervening Perinuclear Cistern.

Answer 8

Nuclear Envelope

Question 9

The outer nuclear membrane is studded with __ and is continuous with the _____.

Answer 9

nucleus

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

At intervals around the periphery of the nucleus, the outer and inner membranes of the nuclear envelope fuse to form numerous _____

Answer 10

nucleus pores

Question 11

What are the functions of nucleus pores?

Answer 11

controlling the movement of

• metabolites,
• macromolecules, and
• ribosomal subunits between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 12

are membrane-enclosed organelles with arrays of enzymes specialized for aerobic respiration and production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), with high-energy phosphate bonds, which supplies energy for most cellular activities.

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

What is the inner membrane called which exhibits numerous folds?

Answer 13

cristae

Question 14

In protein-secreting cells, these cristae project into the interior of the organelle like?

Answer 14

shelves

Question 15

In steroid-secreting cells, such as the adrenal cortex or interstitial cells in the testes, the mitochondria cristae are?

Answer 15

tubular

Question 16

What are the functions of Mitochondria?

Answer 16

Functions:
- to generate large quantities of energy in the form
of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- stores calcium for cell signaling activities
- generate heat
- mediate cell growth and death

Question 17

is an extensive network of sacs, vesicles, and interconnected flat tubules called cisternae

Answer 17

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 18

Where does ER extend?

Answer 18

from the surface of the nucleus to the cell membrane

Question 19

Two types of ER?

Answer 19

Rough

Smooth

Question 20

What are the functions of ER?

Answer 20

Functions:

• Synthesis
• Modification
• Transport of proteins

Question 21

is characterized by numerous flattened, interconnected cisternae, whose cytoplasmic surfaces are covered or studded with granules called RIBOSOMES

Answer 21

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (network)

Question 22

Where does RER extend?

Answer 22

from the nuclear envelope around the nucleus to sites throughout the cytoplasm

Question 23

is devoid of ribosomes, and it consists primarily of anastomosing or connecting tubules.

Answer 23

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 24

What are SER three diverse activities?

Answer 24

(1) lipid biosynthesis
(2) detoxification of potentially harmful compounds, and
(3) sequestration of Ca++ ions.

Question 25

are small, electron-dense granules found in the cytoplasm of the cell

Answer 25

Ribosomes

Question 26

What are the kinds of ribosome in a cell?

Answer 26

free ribosomes | attached ribosomes

Question 27

Where are ribosomes most abundant?

Answer 27

in the cytoplasm of protein-secreting cells

Question 28

What are the functions of ribosomes?

Answer 28

- have an important role in protein synthesis - perform an essential role in decoding or translating the coded genetic messages from the nucleus for amino acid sequence of proteins that are then synthesized by the cell

Question 29

It synthesize proteins for use within the cell cytoplasm

Answer 29

unattached or free ribosomes

Question 30

It synthesize proteins that are packaged and stored in the cell as lysosomes, or are released from the cell as secretory products

Answer 30

ribosomes that are attached to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 31

are organelles produced by the Golgi apparatus that are highly variable in appearance and size

Answer 31

Lysosomes

Question 32

Lysosomes contain a variety of hydrolizing or digestive enzymes which are called?

Answer 32

acid hydrolases

Question 33

particularly abundant in cells with great phagocytic activity

Answer 33

Lysosomes

Question 34

To prevent the lysosomes from digesting the cytoplasm and cell contents, what does a membrane separate in the lysosomes from the cytoplasm?

Answer 34

lytic enzymes

Question 35

What are the functions of lysosomes?

Answer 35

Function: - intracellular digestion or phagocytosis of substances taken into the cells. - Lysosomes digest phagocytosed microorganisms, cell debris, cells, and damaged, worn-out, or excessive cell organelles, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria

Question 36

completes posttranslational modifications of proteins synthesized in the RER and then packages and addresses these proteins to proper destinations

Answer 36

Golgi Apparatus

Question 37

composed of smooth membranous saccules containing enzymes

Answer 37

Golgi Apparatus

Question 38

Other term for golgi apparatus

Answer 38

Golgi Complex

Question 39

the Golgi apparatus generally shows two distinct sides structurally and functionally, which reflect the complex traffic of vesicles within cells. What are these?

Answer 39

Cis face | Trans face

Question 40

The transport vesicles merge with the Golgi-receiving region, called?

Answer 40

cis face

Question 41

On the opposite side of the Golgi network, at its shipping, larger saccules or vacuoles accumulate, condense, and generate other vesicles that carry completed protein products to organelles away from the Golgi. What is it called?

Answer 41

trans face

Question 42

What enzymes of Golgi apparatus important for?

Answer 42

``` Glycosylation Sulfation Phosphorylation and limited proteolysis of proteins. ```