Cellular Organelles Flashcards
Plasma membrane components include ____
Dynamic phospholipid bilayer and glycocalyx
What does the glycocalyx do?
It contributes to the quality of the ocular tear film on the cornea
Why is the hydrophobic nature of the plasma membrane important?
It limits water soluble drug absorption (especially in the brain (THANKS TIGHT JUNCTIONS))
6 functions of integral proteins
- Channels
- Enzymes
- Linkers
- Pumps
- Receptors
- Structural
What do channels allow into the cell?
Water and smaller ions
What is the function of enzymes?
Digestion. (Typically the name of the enzyme indicates function!!)
What do linkers do?
Anchor cytoskeleton to the ECM
What is the function of pumps?
Transport large ions into the cell
How do lipid soluble substances enter the cell?
Via passive transport
What is the basis of passive transport?
Gradient based. Elements go from area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
How to ligand-gated channels open?
When a certain hormone binds to the channel
How do mechanically gated channels open?
They respond to a change in the environment around them (like a change in pressure)
How do voltage-gated channels open?
When there is a charge present that changes the polarization
Required to force active transport
ATP
Endocytosis
Into the cell
Exocytosis
Out of the cell
Constitutive pathway is ___
continuous
How do hormones or neural stimuli leave the cell?
Via regulated secretion, a form of exocytosis
SNARE proteins
form a complex like a dock to the membrane
Botox
Prevents SNARE proteins formation
Lysosomes
digest dying organelles or extracellular substances
Tay Sachs Disease
disease that occurs when lysosomes fail to degrade products
Proteasomes degrade:
Only proteins that have been tagged for degradation
What organelles makes proteins
Rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes
What dye will stain the Rough ER?
Hematoxylin
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
is RNA transcribed from RNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
mRNA converted to protein chain that code for a specific amino acit
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
make up ribosomes
What is the function of ribosomes?
To make proteins
What is Dr. Brooks favorite color?
Blue
What antibiotics classes is against subunit 30S?
Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines
What antibiotics/antibiotic classes are against the 50S subunit?
Chloramphenicol, Erythromyclin, and Lincosamides (Lincomycin)
buy AT 30, CELL at 50
Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Lincosamides (Lincomycin)
What cellular organelle functions with post-translational modifications and transport?
The golgi apparatus
Function of Smooth ER?
sequesters/stores Ca2+ and detoxes the liver
Function of mitochondria?
ATP synthesis
What is stored in the membranes of the mitochondria?
Components and enzymes for energy generation
Peroxisomes
break down hydrogen peroxide and helps detox the liver
Microtubles
make up the mitotic spindle
Greasy microtubles
Griseofulvin mechanism
What is the Griseofulvin mechanism?
Anti-fungal that prevents fungal mitosis by affecting microtubules
Centriole
mitotic spindle poles. Made of 9 microtubule triplets
Actin
Locomotive cells, core of microvilli
What happens if there is no actin in cells?
There will be no muscle movement
Intermediate fillaments
Support and provide structure
Where is glycogen located in the body?
The liver and striated muscles
Location of hemosiderin
hemoglobin/iron remnants
What is lipofuscin?
An aging pigment
Ocular siderosis
iron deposits in the eye from a metallic foreign body
