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Chapter 4 Cellular Metabolism > Cellular Metabolism > Flashcards

Cellular Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Metabolism is the body’s many chemical reactions.

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2
Q

What is the purpose of chemical reactions?

A

Chemical reactions store & use energy to maintain homeostasis.

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3
Q

Define homeostasis.

A

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body.

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4
Q

What does metabolism do?

A

Metabolism performs all body’s essential functions.

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5
Q

What are the two types of metabolic reactions that control use of energy by cells?

A
  • anabolism - Catabolism
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6
Q

What is Anabolism?

A

Anabolism is the building of complex molecules from simpler ones and the storage of energy.

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7
Q

What is Catabolism?

A

This is the breakdown of complex molecules to form simpler ones and the release of energy.

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8
Q

What do all cells do?

A

All cells perform basic chemical reactions.

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9
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Oxidation is where glucose burns in cells to release energy that fuels the process of anabolism

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10
Q

Define Oxidation.

A

Oxidation is reduction action. On substance gains oxygen or loses hydrogen, leads to another substance to gain electrons.

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11
Q

How does metabolism occur within the cell?

A

Enzymes reduce the amount of activation energy needed for oxidation as part of cellular respiration.

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12
Q

What occurs between atoms of molecules when their bonds are broken?

A

Chemical energy is released.

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13
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells.

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14
Q

What are the three types of reactions that allow this to happen?

A
  • Glycolysis - Citric Acid Cycle also known as the Kreb cycle. - Electron transport chain.
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15
Q

Define Glycolysis?

A

The breakdown of glucose to get lactic or pyruvic acid, which releases energy as ATP.

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16
Q

Define Citric Acid Cycle also known as Kreb Cycle.

A

This is the metabolism of carbon chains of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids. This gets carbon dioxide, water, high energy phosphate bonds (ATP)

17
Q

What is the electron transport chain:

A
  • High energy electrons still contains most of the chemical energy of the original glucose molecule - Oxygen is the final electron acceptor so process called aerobic respiration. - This generates energy in the mitochondria.
18
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

It is an organelle within a cell in which energy production occurs along with respiration.

19
Q

What is an ATP?

A

ATP is Adenosine Triphosphate. It is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do.

20
Q

What do specific sequences of enzymatic reactions control?

A

They control cellular respiration, anabolic reactions and catabolic reactions.

21
Q

What are the metabolic pathways?

A

These are specific enzymatic reactions.

22
Q

What are the three main sequences?

A
  • Glycogenesis - Gluconogenesis - Fats
23
Q

What is Glycogenesis?

A

It is the process where glucose molecules are join in to long chains forming glycogen.

24
Q

What is Gluconogenesis?

A

This is the process of forming new glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules.

25
Q

When does Gluconogenesis occur?

A

This occurs when blood glucose levels drop. Lysis of glycogen is split from it.

26
Q

Why are fats important as a metabolic pathway?

A

It is the most concentrated energy source

27
Q

Which fat is the only one to be regularly oxidised for energy?

A

Triglycerides.

28
Q

When does lipogenesis occur?

A

This occurs when ATP’s and glucose levels are high in the cells.

29
Q

What is Lipolysis?

A

This is the breakdown of stored fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

30
Q

What occurs when there are excess proteins?

A

The body cannot store excess proteins so they are broken down and replaced before they deteriorate.

31
Q

Why are amino acids important?

A

They are the most important anabolic nutrient which form all protein structures and most of the body’s functional molecules.

32
Q

What do Glutamic acids do?

A

Glutamic acids delaminate amino acids before it can be oxidised for energy.

33
Q

Where does Protein synthesis occur?

A

It occurs on the ribosomes.

34
Q

What regulates this synthesis?

A

Hormones such as growth hormones, thyroxine and others.

Chapter 4 Cellular Metabolism (1 decks)

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