Cellular life Flashcards
Hazards definition
In scientific environments, harzards encompass various threats, (inc. chemical, biological, physical dangers) requiring careful identification and mitigation to ensure safety.
Risks definition
Risks refer to chance or probability of a hazard will cause harm or damage
Precaution definition
Measure taken before something potentially dangerous or harmful happens.
Laboratory rules
- Only enter a lab when told to do so by teacher
- Don’t eat/ drink
- Follow instructions precisely
- Wear eye protection
- Tie cloth/hair when using naked flames
- Always stand up when using hazardous substances
- Wash your hands
- Don’t put solids in the sink
- Wipe spills
8 Things to classify an organism as ALIVE
MRS GREN
1. Movement
2. Respiration
3. Sensitivity
4. Control
5. Growth
6. Reproduction
7. Excretion
8. Nutrition
Movement definition
Ability to move in some way without outside help
Respiration definition
Getting energy from food. Respiration is a chemical reaction that happens in all living cells, including plant cells/animal cells. It is the way that energy is released.
Sensitivity definition
Detecting and responding to changes in their surroundings
Control definition
Maintain constant internal environment
Growth definition
Increase in size (size of cells/ or number)
Reproduction definition
Making more living things
Excretion definition
Getting rid of metabolic waste
Nutrition definition
Taking in/using food
Animals need to live:
Animals need:
- Air (source of oxygen)
- Water (to store/transport substance)
- Food (for nutrition)
Plants need to live:
Plants need:
- Air (source of Oxygen + Carbon dioxide)
- Water (nutrition + store & transport substance)
- Nutrients from soil
- LIGHT (to absorb energy)
Variable definition
Anything that can change is called a variable
Independent variable definition
Independent variable =
A variable that you CAN CHANGE in an investigation (e.g. water/light exposure)
Dependent variable definition
Dependent variable =
A variable that you MEASURE in an investigation (height of the plant)
Range definition
The range of values for your independent variable (highest-lowest values)
Interval definition
Difference between your independent variable values
Structure of Animal cell
Animal cell includes:
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
Structure of plant cell
Plan cell includes:
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Chlorophylls in Chloroplasts
Chloroplast contain chlorophyll for absorbing the sunlight for photosynthesis
Where does chemical reactions take place in a cell?
Cytoplasm
This is a jelly like substance that is the site of chemical reactions
Where does respiration take place in the cell?
Mitochondria
Carry out reactions of respiration for the release of energy
Which part of the cell contain the genetic information?
Nucleus
Determines the characteristic of the cell. It contains DNA (that the cells need to grow and reproduce)
Which part of the cell contains the cell sap?
Vacuole
This is a space within the cytoplasm of plant cells that contains cell sap, a sore of water and chemicals
Which part of the cell gives strength and support?
Cell wall
A layer of cellulose that surrounds the cell to strengthen and give support
Which part of the cell allows substances to enter and leave
Cell Membrane
This surrounds the cells and controls which substances enter and leave the cell
What 3 features are only present in a plant cell
- Cell wall
- Chloroplast
- Vacuole
Diffusion definition
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In living things, substances move in and out of the cell by DIFFUSION, through a membrane.
(e.g. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cell through the cell membrane and into the blood. This is possible as the cell membrane is PARTIALLY PERMEABLE)
The diffusion of water is called…
The diffusion of water is called OSMOSIS
Different types of models
- Representational model
- Descriptive model
- Mathematical model
- Computational model
- Spatial model
Different parts of the microscope
- Eye piece
- barrel
- revolving nosepiece
- lens
- stage
- mirror
- tilt
- specimen clip
- coarse/ fine focusing mechanism
- base
Overall magnification =
Overall magnification =
eyepiece magnification
x
objective lens magnification
Tissues definition
A tissue is a group of similar cells with the same function
Organs definition
An organ is made from a group of different tissues which all work together to do a particular job
Organ systems definition
An organ system is made from a group of different organs, which all work together to do a particular job.
Control variable definition
Control variable is a factor that is kept CONSTANT during an experiment
What are the 3 States of matter?
- SOLID
- LIQUID
- GAS
What are the 6 Changes of state
- Evaporation (from liquid to gas)
- Condensation (from gas to liquid)
- Melting (from solid to liquid)
- Freezing (from liquid to solid)
- Sublimation (solid to gas)
- Deposition (from gas to solid)
Interpreting chromatograms
- 1 spot= pure substance
- 2 spots = mixture of 2 substances
- 4 spots = mixture of 4 substances
What are the factors that affect the rate of diffusion?
- Temperature
- Concentration
- Surface area
- Distance to travel
