Cellular injury and cellular death Flashcards
Give the two groups of causes of cellular injury
Genetic
Acquired
Do the acquired or genetic causes of disease comprise the vast majority of common diseases?
Acquired
Give seven categories of acquired diseases
- Hypoxia and ischaemia
- Physical agents (e.g. mechanical trauma, thermal trauma, ultraviolet and ionising radiation, rapid changes in atmospheric pressure)
- Chemical agents and drugs
- Infectious agents
- Immunologic agents
- nutritional derangements
- physiological factors
Give two types of acute cell injury
Reversible and irreversible
Give the features of cells undergoing reversible cell injury
- Hydropic swelling of the cell (cellular oedema)
- Dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum
- Detachment of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Detachment of polysomes into monosomes
- Mitochondria swelling and enlargement
- Blebs of plasma membrane
- Nucleolar alterations with disaggregation of granular and fibrilar elements
What is irreversible cellular death?
Necrosis and apoptosis
Give an alternative word for extracellular
Stromal
Give another word for degenerations
dystrophies
Give 4 mechanisms of development of intra- and extracellular degenerations
Infiltration
Decomposition (phanerosis)
Perverted synthesis
Transformation
What is infiltration
Redundant accumulation (deposition) of metabolites into the cells and extracellular matrix
What is decomposition (phanerosis)
Disintegration of membranous structures of the cells and extracellular matrix
What is perverted synthesis
Synthesis of abnormal structures in the cells and tissues
What is transformation
Formation of one type of metabolism’s products from common initial substances for proteins, fats and carbohydrates
