Cellular Energy Study Guide

Question 0

Thermodynamics

Answer 0

Study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

Ability to do work

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

All of the chemical reactions in a cell

Question 3

Metabolic pathways

Answer 3

Series of reactions in which the PRODUCT of one reaction becomes the SUBSTRATE for the next reactions o

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

Anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy for the cell

Question 5

Cellular respiration

Answer 5

Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken to release energy for use by a cell

Question 6

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 6

Biological molecule that provides chemical energ

Question 7

Thylakoids

Answer 7

Flattened saclike membrane that are arranged in stacks called grana

Question 8

Geranium

Answer 8

Stacks of thylakoids

Question 9

Stroma

Answer 9

Fluid-filled space that is outside the grana and location of phase 2 reaction

Question 10

Pigment

Answer 10

Light absorbing colored molecules

Question 11

NADP

Answer 11

Energy carrier molecule

Question 12

Calvin cycle

Answer 12

Light-independent reaction

-take energy from phase 1 to make glucose

Question 13

Rubisco

Answer 13

Most important and most abundant biological enzyme

Question 14

Aerobic process

Answer 14

Require energy

Question 15

Anaerobic process

Answer 15

Do not require oxygen

Question 16

Aerobic respiration

Answer 16

Includes Kreb cycle and electron transport

Question 17

Glycolysis

Answer 17

Process by which glucose is broke down into 2 pyruvate molecules and produces a net yield of 2 ATP

Question 18

Krebs cycle

Answer 18

Process by which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide and creating the energy molecule

Question 19

Fermentation

Answer 19

Occurs in the cytoplasm and regenerates the cells supply of NAD+ while producing a small amount of ATP

Question 20

What are the laws of thermodynamics

Answer 20

1: law of conservation of energy- energy cannot be created or destroyed
2: entropy increases- energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy

Question 21

What are the structures and functions of ATP

Answer 21

Structure: adenosine base, ribose sugar, 3 phosphate groups.
Function: releases energy when the bond 2 and 3 are broken and forms ADP, stores energy

Question 22

Autotroph

Answer 22

Organisms that make their own food

Question 23

Heterotrophs

Answer 23

Organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy

Question 24

Anabolic

Answer 24

Require energy

Question 25

Catabolic

Answer 25

Release energy

Question 26

Process of photosynthesis

Answer 26

Uses light, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose and oxygen

Question 27

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 27

6CO2+6H2O+light--->C6H12O6+6O2

Question 28

Cell respiration equation

Answer 28

C6H12O6+6O2--->6CO2+6H2O+energy

Question 29

Photosystem 1

Answer 29

Light excites photosystem 1 and transfers electron onto a protein

Question 30

Photosystem 2

Answer 30

Light excites electrons in photosystem 2 and causes water to split in H+ ions and O2 molecules

Question 31

Electron transport

Answer 31

Thylakoids membranes protein complexes photosystem 1 and 2

Question 32

Where is the chemiosis located in the chlorplast

Answer 32

Thylakoids and stroma

Question 33

Where is the Calvin cycle located in the chlorplast

Answer 33

Chlorophyll and stroma

Question 34

Alternative photosynthetic pathways

Answer 34

C4 plants, CAM plants

Question 35

Processes of cellular respiration

Answer 35

- Glucose is broken down into 2, 3-carbon compound to make a total of 2 ATP. (glycolysis) - 3-carbon compound are broken down into energy molecules and converted into ATP through electron transport. (aerobic respiration)