Cellular Energy Flashcards
Metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism. Includes catabolic and anabolic reactions
Catabolic
complex molecules are broken down into simpler molecules, and are energy requiring reactions e.g. cellular respiration
Anabolic
simple molecules are built into complex molecules and are energy requiring reactions.
Exergonic Reaction
when bonds are broken in catabolic reactions and the net affect is energy release
Endergonic Reaction
when bonds are formed in anabolic reactions and the net effect is energy absorption
How is Energy from Catabolic Reactions Used in Anabolic Reactions
Energy released by a catabolic reaction is caught by an energy transfer molecule (ATP). ATP synthase then uses this stored energy to create a high energy bond which is used in an anabolic reaction.
Cellular Respiration
the main catabolic reaction in a cell is the breakdown of glucose to release energy to restore ATP. There are 3 main stages: glycosis, Krebs cycle and electron transfer chain
Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H10O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP
Glycosis
the beginning stage of cellular respiration and does not require oxygen, takes place in the cytosol.
Glycosis Equation
C6H10O6 = C3H6O3 + 2H ION + 2ATP
Kreb Cycle
the 2-pyruvate produced in glycosis move into the mitochondria so that the Kreb Cycle can begin. It’s a complex biochemical pathway that requires oxygen to occur.
Electron Transport Chain
electron transport chain is the final stage of aerobic cellular respiration. It involves the flow of electrons through the mitochondrial membrane to make ATP
Cellular Respiration Without Oxygen
with little to no energy available a small amount of energy can still be released through fermentation.
Fermentation
occurs during cellular respiration without oxygen. Animal cells produce 2ATP and lactic acid. Plant and yeast cells release 2ATP, CO2 and ethanol.
Compare Aerobic and Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
AeCR requires glucose and oxygen, produces up to 38ATP, produces H2O and CO2, occurs in mitchondria and cytosol and has 3 stages. AnCR requires glucose produces 2ATP, leads to fermentation, occurs in cytosol and has 2 stages (glycosis and fermentation).
Photosynthesis
the process where light energy is converted into chemical energy. Occurs in plant cells.
Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy = C6H126O + 6O2
Stages of Photosynthesis
light dependent reactions, light independent reactions.
Light Dependent Reactions
first stage of photosynthesis where chlorophyll absorbs light which is used to split water molecules which generates ATP and oxygen as a byproduct.
Light Independant Reactions
second stage of photosynthesis that uses ATP from stage one to join hydrogen and carbon dioxide which creates glucose.
