Cellular Energy Flashcards
What is energy
The ability to do work
autotrophs are…
Organisms which make their own food using light energy from the sun 
Heterotrophs are
 Organisms which obtain their energy from the foods they consume 
What do all organisms need to do to live
Release the energy in sugars, and other compounds
ATP for adenosine triphosphate is
The most common form of energy, it contains ribose adenine, and three phosphate 
What type of energy do phosphate bonds have
High energy
What charges to phosphate bonds have?
The same, so they repel
What happens when phosphate bonds release energy
ADP is created which is ATP -1 phosphate which is called adenosine diphosphate 
What is ATP like?
Once the last bond is broken, it is like a fully charged battery
What is a ADP like?
A half charged battery because it’s not full of energy and some of it is stored 
What is the photosynthesis formula?
Sunlight +6 H2O +6 CO2 yields in the presence of chlorophyll C6, H 1206+602 
Plants need
Sunlight, H2O, and CO2 
Plants have
Chlorophyll
Plants give off
 Glucose and O2
Where does photosynthesis occur?
 In chloroplast
What is chlorophyll?
Light absorbing pigment and transfers, energy to electrons 
What is a thylakoid?
Membrane containing chlorophyll and is the site of light dependent reactions
What is grana?
A stack of thylakoids 
What is stroma?
Fluid filled space surrounding grana and is the site of light. Independent reactions. 
Where does the H2O go?
The light dependent reactions
Where does the CO2 to go?
The Calvin cycle or light independent reactions
What leave the light dependent reactions.
Oxygen
What leaves the light independent reactions
Glucose for C6, H 1206
What is the ATP cycle during photosynthesis?
It enters the Calvin cycle, then comes out as a DP plus P then goes back into the light dependent reactions and turns back into ATP
What does the NADPH do during the cycle of photosynthesis
It enters the Calvin cycle comes out as NADP then enters the light dependent reactions and comes back out as NADPH
What is cellular respiration?
A process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen 
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
602+ C6 H 1206 yields six CO2 +6 H2O +36 ATP
What happens in the glycolysis part of cellular respiration?
2 ATP split glucose 2 pyruvate acids enter the Krebs cycle, hydrogen and electrons gets picked up by NAD, which turns into NADH four ATP are made
What happens in the Krebs cycle of the cellular respiration
The pyruvic acid get split
What happens to the CO2 when it becomes a waste
It gets exhaled
How much ATP are made from the Krebs cycle
Two
What happens in the electron transport chain?
The hydrogen electrons in oxygen, enter 32 ATP get made
Where does the H2O go in cellular respiration?
It gets released out of etc
How much ATP gets made during cellular respiration
36
Photosynthesis function
Energy capture
Cellular respiration function
Energy released
Photosynthesis location
Chloroplast
Cellular respiration location
Mitochondria and cytoplasm 
Photosynthesis reactants
CO2 and H2O
Cellular respiration reactants
C6, H 1206 and oxygen 
Photosynthesis products
C6, H 1206 and 02
Cellular respiration products
CO2 and H2O and ATP
What is fermentation?
The releasing of energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen
What is anaerobic?
It does not require oxygen
What is the type of fermentation and bread and alcohol?
Alcoholic fermentation
What is the type of fermentation that causes soreness?
Lactic acid fermentation
Why are cells so small?
The mot has the more demands the sub places on a DNA and the harder it is for nutrients to move the volume increases more than the surface 
What is NAD plus
An electron carrier
What is NAD plus function
To carry hydrogen
Alcoholic, fermentation, formula
Pyruvic acid plus NADH yield alcohol plus CO2 plus NAD and ATP
What is lactic acid fermentation’s formula?
Pyruvic acid plus NADH use lactic acid +Nad +ATP
