Cellular Control Flashcards
What is cellular control?
Cellular control refers to the mechanisms and processes that regulate gene expression and cellular activities.
True or False: Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product.
True
Fill in the blank: The primary role of _______ in cellular control is to regulate the transcription of genes.
transcription factors
What are transcription factors?
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes.
Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a stage of gene expression? A) Transcription B) Translation C) Replication D) Processing
C) Replication
True or False: Silencers are sequences that decrease gene expression.
True
What is the function of RNA polymerase?
RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.
promoter
What are introns?
Introns are non-coding sequences of DNA that are removed during RNA splicing.
Multiple Choice: Which type of RNA is involved in the translation process? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: Post-translational modifications can affect protein function.
True
What are the two main types of mutations?
The two main types of mutations are point mutations and frameshift mutations.
Fill in the blank: A _______ mutation results in a change in a single nucleotide.
point
What is a frameshift mutation?
A frameshift mutation is caused by insertion or deletion of nucleotides that alters the reading frame of the genetic code.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following can lead to cancer? A) Mutations B) Environmental factors C) Viral infections D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: Epigenetic changes can influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
True
What is methylation in the context of gene regulation?
Methylation is the addition of a methyl group to DNA, which can repress gene expression.
What is the purpose of gene therapy?
Gene therapy aims to treat or prevent disease by modifying or replacing defective genes.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a mechanism of cellular control? A) Gene expression B) Protein folding C) Signal transduction D) All of the above
D) All of the above
