Cellular Control Flashcards
Define mutation
Change in the sequence of bases in DNA
Define insertion mutation
A mutation where one or more extra nucleotides are inserted into a DNA strand
Define insertion mutation
A mutation where one or more extra nucleotides are inserted into a DNA
Define substitution mutation
A mutation where one or more nucleotides are substituted for another in a DNA strand
Define deletion mutations
A mutation where one or more nucleotides are deleted and lost from the DNA strand
Define mutagen
Chemical or physical agent which causes mutation
Define Amorph
Mutation that results in the loss of function of a protein
Define Hypomorph
Mutation that results in a reduction of a function of a protein
Define hypermorph
Mutation that results in a gain in function of a protein
Define nonsense mutation
Coding becomes a stop codon, so protein is shorter and usually non-functional
Define missense mutation
Incorporation of incorrect amino acid into the primary structure of a protein, resulting in silent, beneficial, or harmful effects to the functioning of the protein
Define chromosomal deletion
Section of the chromosome breaks off and is lost
Define chromosomal translocation
Section of chromosome breaks off and joins non-homologous chromosome
Define chromosomal inversion
Section of chromosome breaks off, is reversed and joins back on
Define frameshift mutation
A genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read
