Cellular Biology Intro Flashcards
- State three representative components critical for any tissue engineering design
cells, scaffold, construct, engineered tissue or organ
- Draw a basic structure of a cell. Label three cell components and state their function
Do
- State two function of cell plasma membrane
– Barrier to unwanted materials
– Maintenance of proper ionic composition, pH, osmotic pressure
– Contact with other cells and extracellular matrix
– Cell signaling receptors
– Nutrient transport in/waste transport out
- State two type of cell death processes and briefly differentiate between the two
necrosis- localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood
-apoptosis- a type of cell death in which the cell used specialized cellular machinery to kill itself, often done to control cell number and kill out cells that threaten the animal’s surival
- State two type of cell contact and membrane receptors
cell contact- tight junction, gap junction, desmosomes
cell membrane receptors- cadherins, selectins
- State and describe a component of the extra cellular matrix (ECM)
collagen- responsible for tissue tensile strength, formed from a triple helix of polypeptide chains called aplha chains
elastin- forms fibers that allow for large elastic deformation which is responsible for extensiblity of the ECM
- Draw and describe the cell proliferation cycle
Do
- State two components that form the cytoskeleton
- intermediate filaments
- actin filaments
- microtubules
- Describe briefly steps associated with cell migration
- extension-Protrusion of membrane lamellopodia
- attachment-adhesion to matrix via integrins
- contraction-contraction of cytoplasm
- release-rear release and cell displacement
- recycling-recycling of integrins
- Describe paracrine / autocrine soluble factor signaling
secreted molecules are not allowed to diffuse too far due to entrapment by ECM or degradation
- Name and describe three types of cell contacts?
tight junction, gap junction, desmosomes
- State and elaborate on the common forms of cell injury
- hypoxic injury: lack of oxygen= reduced blood supply
- Free radicals/reactive oxygen species injury-repurfusion (restoration of oxygen)
- chemical injury- cell is damaged from chemicals
- Define cell.
the basic living, structural and functional unit of all organisms
- Name and describe the adoptive response of cells to stress.
– Atrophy: decrease in size
– Hypertrophy: increase in size of cells
– Hyperplasia: increase in cell number
– Metaplasia: transformation from one cell type to another
- What is the function of the mitochondria in the cell?
produces most of the cell’s ATP
- Which one is not a membrane receptor?
a. Cadherins
b. Selectins
c. Mucins
d. Elastin
e. Integrins
Elastin
- Differentiate between hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
hypertrophy- increase in size of cells
hyperplasia- increase in cell number
- Name and give the functions of three organelles found in a typical human cell.
centrioles- important in cell division
mitochondria- produces most of the cells of ATP
ribosomes- protein synthesis
Golgi apparatus- modifies and packages proteins, especially those for excretion
- What is cell differentiation
• Differentiation is a process by which cell undergoes phenotypic changes to an overtly specialized cell
- What is tissue engineering?
an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and the life science toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function
- What is a desmosome and its function?
mechanical attachment of two cells, either in broad bands or is specific spots,
For example Anchoring junctions are a type of desmosome: they transmit stress and are tethered to cytoskeleton filaments inside the cell
- Which soluble signaling is designed for long range signaling?
synaptic long range signaling
- Name three components of the Extra Cellular Matrix
- Collagen
- Elastin
- Fibronectin
- Proteoglycans
- Glycoproteins
