Cellular biology Flashcards
What protein is involved in transporting an endocytosed vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome?
Clathrin
What molecule targets proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum for lysosome?
Mannose 6 phosphate
What drugs act on microtubules?
Bendazoles, Paclitaxol, griseofulvin, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicine
What findings are a/w Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
Hyperextensible skin, skin bleeding, hypermobile joints, berry aneurysms
Which arachidonic acid product causes increased bronchial tone?
Leukotrienes, thromboxane
Which arachidonic acid product causes decreased bronchial tone?
Prostacyclin, prostaglandins
Which arachidonic acid product causes increased platelet aggregation?
Thromboxane
Which arachidonic acid product causes decreased platelet aggregation?
Prostacyclin
Which arachidonic acid product causes increased uterine tone?
Prostaglandin
Which arachidonic acid product causes decreased uterine tone?
Prostacyclin
Which arachidonic acid product causes increased vascular tone?
Thromboxane
Which arachidonic acid product causes decreased vascular tone?
Prostaglandin, Prostacyclin
What are the two most abundant substances in plasma membranes?
Cholesterol and phospholipids
What provides the structural framework for DNA and the nuclear envelope?
Nuclear laminins A B and C
What drugs act on the arachidonic acid product pathway? What enzymes do they affect?
Corticosteroids inhibit phospholipase A2. NSAIDs, aspirin and acetaminophen inhibit COX. Zileuton inhibits lipoxygenase. Zafirlukast and montelukast inhibit leukotriene receptors.
In trying to determine the genomic location of genes x, y and z, you cut multiple copies of the gene with a variety of endonucleases. The following proteins are expressed x, xz, y and z. What are the most likely locations of genes x, y, and z?
X and Z are expressed with each other so it means that these genes are located close together. Y is only expressed by itself and not with X or Z therefore it is located far away from those two genes.
Describe the process of leukocyte extravasation
Rolling mediated by selectins, tight binding mediated by integrins, diapedesis mediated by PECAM, migration is mediated by chemotactic factors (CILK -> C5a, IL-8, LTB4, Kallikrein)
How are molecules transported into the nucleus?
Nuclear localization signals that are rich in arginine, lysine, and proline.
What histologic features are seen in apoptotic cells?
Cell shrinkage, nuclear shrinkage (pyknosis), basophhilia, membrane blebbing, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), formation of apoptotic bodies
What are the signaling pathway effects of activating Gq? What are the effects of activating Gs?
Gq activates PLC-> IP3 (elevates intracellular calcium) and DAG (activates PKC)
Gs stimulated AC to make ATP into cAMP -> activates PKA
