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Principles of Neuronal Function and Dysfunction > Cellular and Molecular LTP > Flashcards

Cellular and Molecular LTP Flashcards

1
Q

High-frequency firing of synaptic inputs drives more ?

A

Glutamate release from the presynaptic terminal

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2
Q

What does glutamate bind to?

A

Glutamate binds to AMPA and NMDA receptors

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3
Q

What happens when the AMPA receptor ion channels open ?

A

The movement of charge depolarises the postsynaptic neuron

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4
Q

What happens when depolarisation of the postsynaptic neuron is sufficient ?

A

The magnesium is released from the channel of the NMDA receptor

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5
Q

What happens when the NMDA receptor ion channels open ?

A

Allows Ca2+ to enter the cell and trigger changes in synaptic strength

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6
Q

What is the composition of the Postsynaptic density (PSD) ?

A
  • Receptors and ion channels
  • Scaffolding proteins (e.g. PSD95)
  • Kinases and phosphatases
  • Cell adhesion molecules
  • Structural proteins (e.g. actin)
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7
Q

What prevents LTP induction?

A

Introducing inhibitors of calmodullin or protein kinases into the postsynaptic

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8
Q

What does glutamate do during basal transmission ?

A

Glutamate activates only AMPA receptors

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9
Q

What does tetanic stimulation enable glutamate to active ?

A

NMDA receptors

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10
Q

Ca2+ ions entering through NMDARs activate ?

A

PKC or bind to CaM

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11
Q

The Ca2+/CaM complex activates ?

A

α-CaMKII

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12
Q

a-CaMKII autophosphorylation maintains ?

A

It’s active state

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13
Q

α-CaMKII and PKC phosphorylate

A

Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs)

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14
Q

What does activated α-CaMKII phosphorylate ?

A

Synaptic Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SynGap)

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15
Q

What does phosphorylated SynGap dissociate ?

A

Phosphorylated SynGap dissociates from PSD95

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16
Q

AMPAR/TARP complex binds to?

A

Free PDZ domains of PSD95

17
Q

PKC and a-CaMKII phosphorylate ?

A

AMPA receptors

18
Q

Phosphorylation of AMPARs increases ?

A

Their conductance

19
Q

AMPA receptors are synthesised by ? and processed and sorted in ?

A
  • AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are synthesised by ribosomes on rough endoplasmic
    reticulum
  • Processed and sorted in the Golgi
20
Q

Kinesin drives plus end directed transport of AMPAR-containing vesicles into ?

A

Dendrites along tubulin microtubules

21
Q

Myosin drives local transport of AMPAR-containing vesicles into and out of ?

A

Dendritic spines along actin microfilaments

22
Q

Vesicles fuse with the cell membrane within dendrites and spines to ?

A

Deliver AMPA receptors to the neuronal surface

23
Q

AMPARs are retrieved into endosomes and sorted for ?

A

Degradation or recycling

24
Q

Endosomal AMPAR transport by ?

A

Ca2+-dependent Myosin Vb

25
Q

What is Myosin Vb ?

A

Myosin Vb is a motor protein
activated by an increase in
intracellular Ca2+

26
Q

What is Synaptotagmin (Syt)?

A

Synaptotagmin is a Ca2+ sensor that triggers membrane fusion and exocytosis

27
Q

What is the final journey of AMPARs ? and how ?

A
  • To the PSD

- By surface diffusion

28
Q

LTP induction at Mossy fibre synapse is ?

A

NMDAR-independent

29
Q

An action potential activates VGCCs and triggers?

A

Glutamate release

30
Q

Tetanic stimulation causes ?

A

A large increase in Ca2+

31
Q

Ca2+ and Ca2+/CaM stimulate?

A

Adenylyl cyclase to make cAMP

32
Q

cAMP stimulates?

A

cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA)

33
Q

PKA phosphorylates ?

A

Substrates involved in exocytosis

34
Q

Late LTP requires ?

A

Protein synthesis and protein kinase A (PKA)

35
Q

PKA translocates to ? and phosphorylates ?

A

PKA translocates to the nucleus and phosphorylates CREB

36
Q

CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) activates ?

A

Transcription of genes to form new synapses

Principles of Neuronal Function and Dysfunction (15 decks)

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