Cellular Anatomy

Question 1

What is the water inside a cell?

Answer 1

Intracellular fluid or cytosol

Question 2

What is the water outside the cell?

Answer 2

Interstitial fluid or extracellular fluid

Question 3

T/F. Extracellular fluid contains 0.9 percent sodium chloride (salt), similar concentration to that of sea water.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

All materials of the materials in a cell are collectively known as?

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

T/F. Most cells of the body contain at least one nucleus, but mature red blood cells have no nucleus, and muscle cells may have several nuclei.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What are the collective substances within the nucleus?

Answer 6

Nucleoplasm

Question 7

T/F. A chromosome is a long, coiled molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) with a characteristic double helix shape.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What do chromosomes store?

Answer 8

Genetic material in human genes

Question 9

How many chromosomes are found in a healthy human body?

Answer 9

46 all together. 23 come from the sperm of the father and 23 from the egg of the mother.

Question 10

What is the segment of DNA that controls the release of proteins determining the cells function?

Answer 10

Genes

Question 11

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 11

To synthesize protein from amino acids. Ribosomes are small granules of protein and RNA (ribonucleic acid) that are integral in the process of combining amino acids into proteins.

Question 12

What is a series of intracellular membranes?

Answer 12

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 13

Synthesis proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. It also serves as intracellular transport system allowing substances to travel from place to place within the cytosol.

Question 14

Which cells contain the golgi apparatus?

Answer 14

Cells that secrete chemical substances.

Question 15

What function does the golgi apparatus serve?

Answer 15

Small fluid resivoirs in the golgi apparatus store substances such as mucus and enzymes. This stored material is later secreted onto the surface of the cell in a process known as exocytosis.

Question 16

What is the digestive unit of the cell?

Answer 16

Lysosomes

Question 17

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 17

Breakdown protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Question 18

During decomposition what do lysosomes do?

Answer 18

Lysosomes excellerate their activity to the point where they cross the cellular membrane and start digesting the bodies tissue which is called autolysis.

Question 19

What function do lysosomes play in the immune system?

Answer 19

Lysosomes aid in the breakdown of the disease causing microbes.

Question 20

What are the energy production centers of the cell?

Answer 20

Mitochondria

Question 21

What does mitochondria produce?

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

What are finger like projections on the cells membrane and what is its function?

Answer 22

Microvilli allow absorption of materials from the extracellular fluid. Cells with Microvilli are found in the digestive tract.

Question 23

What are hair like structures found on the cell membrane?

Answer 23

Cilia are found on cells lining the respiratory tract moving mucus and other particles to the throat and away from lung tissue.

Question 24

What are whip like structure on the surface of sperm that provide motion.

Answer 24

Flagella