Cellular Flashcards
p53 and hypophosphorylated Rb
Normally inhibit G1 to S progression
Permanent Cells
Remain in G0, regenerate from stem cells
Neurons, skeletal, cardiac and RBCs
Stable (quiescent) Cells
Enter G1 from G0 when stimulated
hepatocytes and lymphocytes
Labile Cells
Never go to G0. Divide rapidly with a short G1. Most affected by chemo
BM, Gut epithelium, skin, hair follicles, germ cells
Nissl bodies
rER in neurons, synthesize peptide NTs
Free Ribosomes
unattached to any membrane, site of synthesis of cytosolic and organellar proteins
Site of syn of secretory proteins and of N-linked oligosaccharide addition to many proteins
rER
in mucus secreting goblet cells and small inestine and plasma cells
site of steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons
sER
found in liver hepatocytes and steroid-producing cells of adrenals and gonads
Golgi modification
N-oligosaccharides on asparagine
O-oligosaccharides on serine and threonine
mannose-6-phos to proteins on way to lysosomes
I cell disease
inclusion cell disease. inherited lysosomal storage disorder
defect in phosphotransferase thus decrease mannose-6-phosphate and proteins are delivered extracellularly instead of to lysosome
coarse facial features, clouded corneas, restricted joint movement, and high plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes.
I cell disease. often fatal in childhood
Signal recognition particle (SRP)
ribonucleoprotein, traffic protein from ribosome to rER.
COPI
retrograde movement of proteins from golgi to golgi or golgi to ER
COPII
anterograde Golgi to golgi or ER to Golgi
Clathrin
trans-Golgi to lysosomes
plasma membrane to endosomes for receptor mediated endocytosis (LDL-R activity)
Organelle to catabolize very-long-chain-FAs, branched chain FA and AA
peroxisome
Proteasome
Barrel-shaped protein complex that degrades damaged of ubiquitin-tagged proteins
defects are implicated in Parkinson
Dynein
retrograde to microtubule + to (-)
Kinesin
anterograde to microtubule (-) to +
Mebendazole
anti-helminthic acts on MTs
Griseofulvin
anti-fungal that acts on MTs
Colchicine
anti-gout that acts on MT assembly, decreases leukocyte migration
S/E: diarrhea, Liver toxicity and myelosuppression
Vincristine
anti-cancer, inhibit formation of MTs by binding beta-tubulin, S/E is neurotoxicity
Vinblastine
anti-cancer, inhibits formation of MTs by binding beta-tubulin, S/E is BM suppression
Paclitaxel
anti-cancer, hyperstabilized microtubule polymer.
Mphase specific
Kartagener Syndrome
primary ciliary dyskinesia
dynein arm defect therefore immotile cilia
infertility
increased risk of ectopic pregnancy
can cause: bronchiecstasis, recurrent sinusitis and situs inversus
Ergosterol
in fungal membranes
Stain Vimentin
Connective Tissue
Stain Desmin
Muscle
Stain Cytokeratin
Epithelial Cells
Stain GFAP
Neuroglia
Stain Neurofilaments
neurons
Sodium-Potassium Pump
for each ATP consumed, 3Na out, 2K come in
Ouabain
inhibits Na/K pump by binding to K site
Use of digoxin
Atrial Fibrillation and CHF
directly inhibits Na/K-ATPase leading to indirect inhibition of Na/Ca exchange to increase calcium and increase contractility
Type I collagen
Most Common
bone, skin, tendon, dentin, fascia, cornea, late wound repair
type I collagen defect
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Type II Collagen
Cartilage, vitreous body, nucleus pulposus
Type III Collagen
Reticulin - skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue
Defect in type II collagen
vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos
Type IV Collagen
Basement Membrane, Basal Lamina, Lens
Defect in Type IV Collagen
Alport
if autoantibodies to it - Goodpasture Syndrome
Gly-X-Y
X and Y are proline or lysine
for collagen
collagen is 1/3 glycine
Scurvy
Deficiency of vitamin C
hydroxylation of specific proline and lysine residues
Problems forming triple helix
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
multiple fractures with minimal trauma, blue sclera, hearing loss, dental imperfections
Osteogenisis imperfecta type I
Funniest Black and white duo TV show
Psych
