Cells1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell theory states. (3)

A
  1. All living things are made of cells.
  2. The cell is the basic unit of life.
  3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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2
Q

Characteristics of living things. (5)

A
  1. Grow, Reproduce, and repair themselves.
  2. Require energy.
  3. Respond to changes in their environment.
  4. Have a lifespan.
  5. Produce waste
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3
Q

Cytoplasm.

A

Organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm, and materials are transported through it.

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4
Q

Cell Membrane.

A

Outside of the cell. Controls movement in and out of the cell.

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5
Q

Nucleus.

A

The control centre of the cell. Contains chromosomes that contain the information for the cell to function and reproduce.

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6
Q

Vacuole.

A

Stores water and nutrients.

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7
Q

Mitochondria.

A

The powerhouse of the cell. Converts nutrients into energy that the cell can use.

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8
Q

Ribosome.

A

Makes the synthesized proteins that the cells need.

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9
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Holds the proteins made by the ribosomes and packages them in vesicles to travel through the cytoplasm.

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10
Q

Golgi body.

A

Responsible for packaging and further process of proteins.

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11
Q

Cell wall.

A

Allows nutrients, wastes, and water to pass through.

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12
Q

Chloroplasts.

A

The green organelle is the site of photosynthesis. It makes food from the sun’s energy.

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13
Q

Types of unicellular organisms.

A

Bacterium, amoeba, paramecium, euglena.

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14
Q

Types of multicellular organisms.

A

Intestinal, nerve, muscle, blood

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15
Q

What is diffusion?

A

when a substance moves from an area of high concentration moves to an area of low concentration

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16
Q

How unicellular organisms move.

A

Flagellum, cilia, pseudopod.

17
Q

How unicellular organisms eat.

A

Engulfs the food. Cilia push food into the oral groove. Photosynthesis. Lives off of other animals. Endocytosis.

18
Q

Who invented the compound microscope?

A

Zacharias Janssen.

19
Q

What did Mirabel do for cell theory?

A

Plant cells have a continuous membrane.

20
Q

What did Schwann do for cell theory?

A

Animals and plants are made of cells.

21
Q

Differences between plant and animal cells.

A

Chloroplasts, cell wall.

22
Q

Why are plant cells green?

A

Plant cells are green because they have chloroplasts in the cell which are green. If we had chloroplasts in our cells we would also be green.

23
Q

What is the total magnification on a microscope and why?

A

400x= 10x(ocular lens) X 40x(objective lens)

24
Q

Difference between exocytosis and endocytosis?

A

Endocytosis is when the cell engulfs the food. Exocytosis is when the cell excretes the waste.

25
Q

Examples of organ systems.

A

Circulatory, digestive, respiratory.

26
Q

Difference between permeable, semi-permeable, and impermeable.

A

Permeable is when any substance can go through.
Semi-permeable is when only some substances can go through.
Impermeable is when no substance can go through.

27
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of H2O occurs across a selectively permeable membrane.

28
Q

Two similarities between unicellular organisms.

A

Paramecium and amoebas are found in ponds, lakes and rivers. Euglena and amoebas both need oxygen which then turns into carbon dioxide which diffuses out.

29
Q

Two differences between unicellular organisms.

A

Euglena gets their energy from chloroplasts, paramecium gets their energy from algae and bacteria.
Amoebas use a pseudopod to move, Paramecium use cilia to move.