Cells vocab Flashcards
Unicellular organism without a nucleus
Prokaryote
Organism whose cells contain nuclei
Eukaryote
Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life
cell
Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
Diffusion
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
Partially allowing liquid or gasses to pass through it
Semi-permeable
To come together
Converge
Double layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes
Lipid Bilayer
To repel or not mix with water
Hydrophobic
Able to mix, dissolve or become wet with water
Hydrophilic
Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
Organelle
Material inside the cell membrane,not including the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls the cells activities
Nucleus
Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
Gogli body apperatus
Small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
Ribosome
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
Vacuole
Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Mitochondria
Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified
Endoplasmic reticulum
Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
Chloroplasts
Thin flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Cell membrane
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Active trans;ort
Does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes
passive transport
The mass of a solute in a gives volume of a solution, or mass/volume
Concentration
Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae and some bacteria
Cell wall