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Cells Unit Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is eukaryotic?

A

Has a nucleus

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2
Q

Prokaryotic

A

No nucleus

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3
Q

Who was Robert Hooke?

A

Built a compound microscope mid 1600s and looked at cork and called the structure cells

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4
Q

Who was Anton von Leeuwenhoek?

A

First to see single celled organisms in pond water, and saw cells in blood and plaque

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5
Q

What is the cell theory

A
  1. Cells are the basic unit of life.
  2. All living things are made of one or more cells.
  3. Cells come from other cells.
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6
Q

What happened from 1838-1855

A

Matthias schleiden :said that all plants are made of cells

Theadore schwann : said that all animals are made of cells

Rudolph virchow: all cells are created by the division of existing cells

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7
Q

Electron microscopes

A

Views details, 1000 times smaller than what can be seen with light microscope and visualize only nonliving or preserve cells and tissues

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8
Q

Transmission electron microscopes

A

Used for self structure and large proteins, specimens thinner than school toilet paper

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9
Q

Scanning electron microscopes

A

3-D images and thin slice is not required

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10
Q

What do all cells have and have had at some point?

A

All have cell membrane and at some point all have had DNA

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11
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Has no nucleus has smaller membrane, bounding, organelles, and smaller simpler than eukaryotic cells

Example : bacteria

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12
Q

Eukaryote

A

Has a nucleus, larger, and more complex than prokaryote and has dozens of structure and internal membranes and it is highly specialized

Example: animals, plants, fungus

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13
Q

What are organelles?

A

Structures in eukaryotic cells that perform important cellular functions

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14
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Jelly likes substance that fills otherwise empty space in the cell

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15
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Contains DNA

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16
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesizes lipids

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17
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesizes proteins and has ribosomes attached to it

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18
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Protect and structure, and it is implants and some bacteria

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19
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Let things in and out of cell; provides barrier between cell and environment

20
Q

Chloroplast

A

Has photosynthesis and it is only in plants, algae, and some bacteria

21
Q

Vacuole (central)

A

Storage for mostly water and creates turgor pressure

22
Q

What is the job of the mitochondrion?

A

Cellular respiration

23
Q

What does Golgi apparatus/Golgi body do

A

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

24
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Can be attached to rough into plasmic, reticulum, and synthesizes proteins

25
Q

What is the job of vesicles?

A

Transport things around the cell pieces of membrane pinch off of Golgi apparatus or cell membrane

26
Q

What does nuclear membrane/membrane do?

A

Lets things in and out of nucleus

27
Q

What are the jobs of centrioles and where is it located?

A

Helps organize cell division and it is located near nucleus

28
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

Cleanup crew and breakdown old cell parts

29
Q

Centractile vacuole

A

Pumps excess water out of cell and exist in some unicellular organisms and some animals have vacuoles as well

30
Q

What is the cytoskeleton and what are they involved in?

A

Network of protein filaments to maintain structure and can be involved in movement and they are made up of microfilaments and microtubules

31
Q

Cell membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer

32
Q

What is concentration?

A

Mass of solute/volume solution

33
Q

Solution

A

Mixture of two or more substances

34
Q

Solute

A

Things dissolved solution

35
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movements of particles from high concentration to low concentration

36
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

Where concentration is the same throughout system

37
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of water and when water can’t cross membrane water chases to even out concentration

38
Q

Hypertonic

A

Above strength

39
Q

Hypotonic

A

Below strength

40
Q

Isotonic

A

Same strength

41
Q

What does facilitated diffusion?

A

Diffusion with the help of protein and molecules cannot pass membrane and need a bridge

42
Q

What is the active transport?

A

Requires energy (ATP) to move against concentration gradient

43
Q

Vesicle

A

Transport things around cell and pieces, Golgi or cell membrane

44
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

To put materials into cell by pinching off cell membrane

45
Q

What does exocytosis?

A

To push materials out of cell by joining physical to cell membrane

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