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Cells Unit Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is eukaryotic?

A

Has a nucleus

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2
Q

Prokaryotic

A

No nucleus

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3
Q

Who was Robert Hooke?

A

Built a compound microscope mid 1600s and looked at cork and called the structure cells

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4
Q

Who was Anton von Leeuwenhoek?

A

First to see single celled organisms in pond water, and saw cells in blood and plaque

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5
Q

What is the cell theory

A
  1. Cells are the basic unit of life.
  2. All living things are made of one or more cells.
  3. Cells come from other cells.
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6
Q

What happened from 1838-1855

A

Matthias schleiden :said that all plants are made of cells

Theadore schwann : said that all animals are made of cells

Rudolph virchow: all cells are created by the division of existing cells

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7
Q

Electron microscopes

A

Views details, 1000 times smaller than what can be seen with light microscope and visualize only nonliving or preserve cells and tissues

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8
Q

Transmission electron microscopes

A

Used for self structure and large proteins, specimens thinner than school toilet paper

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9
Q

Scanning electron microscopes

A

3-D images and thin slice is not required

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10
Q

What do all cells have and have had at some point?

A

All have cell membrane and at some point all have had DNA

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11
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Has no nucleus has smaller membrane, bounding, organelles, and smaller simpler than eukaryotic cells

Example : bacteria

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12
Q

Eukaryote

A

Has a nucleus, larger, and more complex than prokaryote and has dozens of structure and internal membranes and it is highly specialized

Example: animals, plants, fungus

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13
Q

What are organelles?

A

Structures in eukaryotic cells that perform important cellular functions

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14
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Jelly likes substance that fills otherwise empty space in the cell

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15
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Contains DNA

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16
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesizes lipids

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17
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesizes proteins and has ribosomes attached to it

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18
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Protect and structure, and it is implants and some bacteria

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19
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Let things in and out of cell; provides barrier between cell and environment

20
Q

Chloroplast

A

Has photosynthesis and it is only in plants, algae, and some bacteria

21
Q

Vacuole (central)

A

Storage for mostly water and creates turgor pressure

22
Q

What is the job of the mitochondrion?

A

Cellular respiration

23
Q

What does Golgi apparatus/Golgi body do

A

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

24
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Can be attached to rough into plasmic, reticulum, and synthesizes proteins

25
What is the job of vesicles?
Transport things around the cell pieces of membrane pinch off of Golgi apparatus or cell membrane
26
What does nuclear membrane/membrane do?
Lets things in and out of nucleus
27
What are the jobs of centrioles and where is it located?
Helps organize cell division and it is located near nucleus
28
What do lysosomes do?
Cleanup crew and breakdown old cell parts
29
Centractile vacuole
Pumps excess water out of cell and exist in some unicellular organisms and some animals have vacuoles as well
30
What is the cytoskeleton and what are they involved in?
Network of protein filaments to maintain structure and can be involved in movement and they are made up of microfilaments and microtubules
31
Cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
32
What is concentration?
Mass of solute/volume solution
33
Solution
Mixture of two or more substances
34
Solute
Things dissolved solution
35
What is diffusion?
Movements of particles from high concentration to low concentration
36
What is equilibrium?
Where concentration is the same throughout system
37
What is osmosis?
The movement of water and when water can’t cross membrane water chases to even out concentration
38
Hypertonic
Above strength
39
Hypotonic
Below strength
40
Isotonic
Same strength
41
What does facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion with the help of protein and molecules cannot pass membrane and need a bridge
42
What is the active transport?
Requires energy (ATP) to move against concentration gradient
43
Vesicle
Transport things around cell and pieces, Golgi or cell membrane
44
What is endocytosis?
To put materials into cell by pinching off cell membrane
45
What does exocytosis?
To push materials out of cell by joining physical to cell membrane

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