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NCEA Level 1 The Genetic Code > Cells To DNA > Flashcards

Cells To DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

The smallest unit of living organisms

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2
Q

Orgainism

A

A living individual e.g. a plant, a human.

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

The central organelle of most cells. It contains the DNA of the organism

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4
Q

Chromosome

A

Threadlike structures found in the nucleus that contain compact strands of DNA.

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5
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

A

DNA is found in the nucleus of cells it is a complex molecule which contains the genetic code for the organism.

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6
Q

Fertilisation

A

When male and female sex cells combine to create a new individual.

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7
Q

Homologous

A

Something with the same shape or structure in the same position

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8
Q

Gene

A

A section of the DNA that holds the code for a particular protein/trait e.g. tongue rolling

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9
Q

Adenine

A

A base in DNA that always pairs with Thymine

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10
Q

Cytosine

A

A base in DNA that always pairs with Guanine

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11
Q

DNA bases

A

The four chemicals that create the genetic code for an organism.

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12
Q

Complementary base pair rule

A

This rule states that Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine

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13
Q

Nucleotide

A

The repeating unit that makes up DNA it consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a base.

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14
Q

DNA helix sides

A

Are made up of the sugar and phosphate parts of nucleotides

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15
Q

The rungs on the DNA ladder

A

are made up of a pair of bases, A with T, C with G

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16
Q

Why does DNA replicate

A

Mitosis needs two copies of the original DNA for the two new cells

17
Q

What is responsible for unwinding the DNA parent strand during DNA replication?

A

An enzyme

18
Q

What happens in the last step of DNA replication

A

Enzymes bond new nucleotides in place creating two daughter strands

19
Q

Why is DNA replication ‘semi conservative replication’?

A

The daughter strands each have one side made from the parent DNA so one part is conserved.

20
Q

How is the complementary base-pair rule applied in DNA replication

A

New nucleotides are bonded to the parent strand to form the daughter strand. The complementary base-pair rule ensures the right bases bond together.

NCEA Level 1 The Genetic Code (1 decks)

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