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Immune > Cells & Tissues of Immune System > Flashcards

Cells & Tissues of Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

All immune cells are derived from ____ as a fetus, but then ___ at 7 months.

But the innate immune system is derived from a ___ progenitor and consists of ____

And the adaptive immune system is derived from a ___ projgenitor and consists of

A

Fetal liver & spleen, but then pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

Innate - myeloid progenitor; neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, macrophages

Adaptive immune system - lymphoid progenitor; B & T cells

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2
Q

B cells mature in the ___

T cells mature in the ___

A

B cells mature in the bone marrow (where all immune cells originate)

T cells go mature in the thymus

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3
Q

What happens in secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes and spleen?

A

Lymph nodes: B & T cells in lymph meet and get activated

Spleen: B & T cells in blood meet and get activated

Mucosal lymphoid organs - tonsils, adenoids, Peyer’s patches

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4
Q

Name the cell:

Produces antibodies

Cytotoxic and helper functions

A

Small lymphocyte

B cell

T Cell

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5
Q

Name the cell:

Activates T cells

Initiates adaptive immune responses

A
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6
Q

Name the cell:

Fully differentiated form of B cell that secretes antibodies

A
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7
Q

Name the cell:

Expels parasites from the body byer leasing histamine and other active agents

A
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8
Q

Name the cell:

Kills cells infected w certain viruses

A
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9
Q

Name the cell:

circulator precursor cell to a macrophage

A
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10
Q

Name the cell:

phagocytosis and killing microorganisms

A

Neutrophils make up the majority of leukocytes!

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11
Q

Name the cell:

Phagocytosis & killing microorganisms

Activation of T cells and initiation of immune response

A
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12
Q

What cell…

  • Kills antibody coated parasites through release of granule contents?
  • Controls immune responses to parasites?
  • Is involved in platelet formation, wound repair?
A
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13
Q

Lymphocyte maturation (B cell in bone marrow, T cellin thymus) is antigen-independent.

What happens in lymphocyte maturation in BOTH T and B cells?

A
  • Acquire antigen-specific cell surface receptors
  • Elimination of auto-reactive lymphocytes, especially T cells
    • If they aren’t killed, then –> autoimmunity
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14
Q

T cell maturation

A
  1. Immature T cell interacts with cortical thymic hormones (thymosin, thymulin, thymopoietin)
  2. Acquires a T cell receptor (TCR) heterodimers (mostly TCR aB)
    1. CD3 is the signaling component of TCR
  3. Establish a phenotype
    1. At first cells have neither: CD4-, CD8-
    2. Then, they get both: CD4+, CD8+
    3. Then, one gets turned off: CD4 for helper, CD8 for cytotoxic
  4. Recognize the processed antigen presented by APCs on an MHC
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15
Q

B cell maturation

(not in lecture)

A
  1. Acquire B cell receptor: IgM
    1. (This receptor is the same antibody that the B cell is going to secrete when activated)
  2. Recognize and bind the native (unprocessed) antigen
  3. Clonal proliferation creates memory cells & plasma cells
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16
Q

Lymphocyte activation is antigen-depedent

A

B cells recognize native antigens

T cells recognized processed antigens presented by APCs as peptide fragments guided by MHC

–> Recognition leads to clonal proliferation

17
Q

Lymphocyte recirculation

A
  • Enter lymph nodes via endothelial vein
  • Exit efferent lymphatics, enter afferent lymphatics to go to next node in the chain (sampling them)
  • Reenter circulation via thoracic duct
18
Q

Lymph node: filters lymphs, supported by reticular network of __ and ___.

B cells are located in the ___

T cells located in the ___

Plasma cells migrat eto the __ to secrete antibodies

A

Supported by follicular dendritic cells and macrophages.

B cells - cortex

T cells- paracortex

Plasma cells go to the medulla to secrete antibodies

19
Q

_____ pushes lymph nodes through vessels

___ prevent back flow

___ and ___ can crawl into lymph nodes

A

Muscle contraction pushes lymph through vessels

Valves prevent backflow

Macrophages & hematopoietic dendritic cells can crawl into lymph nodes to present pathogens to T cells –> clonal proliferation –> new cells and antibodies exit via efferent lymphatic vessel

20
Q

Two types of dendritic cells:

A

Follicular dendriic cells: stroma cells in the B cell zones

Hematopoietic cells: immune cells in the T cell zone

21
Q

All antibodies start as ___, then antibody class switching occurs in the ___ of a lymph node.

A

Start as IgM

Class siwtching in the apical light zone of the germinal center

22
Q
A
23
Q

The spleen filters blood.

Red pulp vs white pulp

A
  • RED PULP (sinuses & cords) - non immunologic
    • Removes cellular debris (effete)
    • Convert hemoglobin to bilirubin
    • Release iron into circulation for reutilization
  • WHITE PULP - immunologic
    • T cells packed around a central arteriole, forming the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)
    • B cells organized into primary and secondary follicles, producing antibodies (IgM)
24
Q

Name some lymphoid tissues

A

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)

Epithelium has cytotoxic T cells

Lamina propria has immune cells

25
Q

Peyers patches are in __

What is the function of the M cells that cover them?

A

GALT

M cells pass antigens to a dendritic cell to activate T cells

Has more B cells than T cells to produce a lot of IgA

26
Q
A

B cells and plasma cells

27
Q
A

B

28
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a) The spleen collects antigens from the blood
b) The lymph nodes collect antigens from the skin
c) The spleen is a secondary lymphoid tissue
d) The spleen collects antigens from the skin
e) The lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid tissues

A

D

29
Q
  1. Lymphocytes enter lymph nodes by several different routes. Circulating lymphocytes may pass into the node through high-endothelial venules. What is another method by which lymphocytes migrate into lymph nodes?
    a) . Lymphocytes enter via the afferent lymphatic vessels.
    b) B cells are transcytosed across the epithelium in the GI tract.
    c) T cells are pinocytosed by M cells in the Peyer’s patches.
    d) Lymphocytes enter via the efferent lymphatic vessels
A

A

30
Q
  1. Lymph nodes are compartmentalized into a cortex, paracortex, and a medulla. Which cells would typically be found along the medullary cords?
    a) Follicular dendritic cells
    b) Plasma cells
    c) B cells
    d) T cells
A

Plasma cells

31
Q

The spleen is effective against bacteria involved in Gram-negative septicemia. Why is this organ so effective against such bacterial infections?

A

IgM is produced quickly against lipopolysaccharide.

Immune (4 decks)

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