Cells, tissues and organs.

Question 1

In which part of the cell is energy released during respiration?

Answer 1

The mitochondria (aerobic respiration)

Question 2

What is the cytoplasm in a cell?

Answer 2

Where many chemical reactions take place.

Question 3

Name common structures of an animal/plant cells.

Answer 3

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes.

Question 4

What are ribosomes?

Answer 4

Is where protein synthesis takes place.

Question 5

3 features of a plant or algal not found in animal cells.

Answer 5

Cell wall, chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole filled with sap.

Question 6

what does a cell membrane do?

Answer 6

It controls the movements of materials in and out of the cell.

Question 7

Does bacteria have a nucleus?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Where is the genetic material stored in bacteria?

Answer 8

In the cytoplasm.

Question 9

What is a colony of bacteria?

Answer 9

It is bacteria that has reproduced enough to be seen by the naked eye. (In a spot/group)

Question 10

What is yeast?

Answer 10

A single celled organism. (different form plant and animal cells.)

Question 11

How big are bacteria cells?

Answer 11

Much smaller than plant and animal cells.

Question 12

What are yeast cells main features?

Answer 12

Nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane surrounded by a cell wall.

Question 13

If a cell has many mitochondria it must need…?

Answer 13

…a lot of energy. e.g muscle and sperm cells.

Question 14

If a cell has many ribosomes it is…?

Answer 14

…making a lot of protein. e.g. gland cells which produce enzymes.

Question 15

What is the meaning of specialised cells?

Answer 15

Cells which are adapted/changed/set out to carry out a particular function. e.g. fat cells, root hair cells and sperm cells.

Question 16

Neurons are WHAT? to carry impulses from receptors to the CNS.

Answer 16

specialised.

Question 17

Why do muscles need a lot of mitochondria?

Answer 17

Because they need lots of energy.

Question 18

3 organs - human digestive system.

Answer 18

Salivary gland, pancreas stomach liver and small/large intestine.

Question 19

Liver digestion chemical?

Answer 19

bile.

Question 20

Diff between plant & yeast cell.

Answer 20

leaf cells have chloroplast and cellulose cell wall while yeast does not.

Question 21

Diffusion in gas and liquid?

Answer 21

Movement from high to low concentration.

Question 22

Differentiation of cells?

Answer 22

Cell=Divide similar, tissues develop cells change to from particular cells with particular functions.

Question 23

Leaf cells adapted for photosynthesis?

Answer 23

Leaf has mesophyll tissue which contain chloroplasts which can photosynthesize.

Question 24

stages of food passing through digestive system?

Answer 24

1: Digestive juices produced by glands
2: Digested in stomach and small intestine
3: Bile produced by the liver.
4: Small intestine absorbs soluble food
5: Water absorbed by large intestine.

Question 25

leaf solution used for testing starch?

Answer 25

Iodine solution

Question 26

Results for testing w/ iodine for starch

Answer 26

regions containing starch will turn blue/black otherwise yellow.

Question 27

word equation Photosynthesis?

Answer 27

Carbon dioxide + water -->(light energy) glucose + oxygen.

Question 28

3 physical factors affect distribution of plants?

Answer 28

Temperature, availability of nutrients and water.

Question 29

terms limiting factor in photosynthesis ?

Answer 29

light, temperature and carbon dioxide.

Question 30

Use quadrat to make line transect?

Answer 30

Marked between 2 points, then quadrat is placed regualr intervals along line. 1

Question 31

Reproducible results?

Answer 31

Repeated by another person or using different equipment while same results are taken.

Question 32

2 factors that can altor the shape of enzymes

Answer 32

temp and ph

Question 33

where is amylase produced?

Answer 33

salvitary glands, pancreas and small intestine

Question 34

What are the products of lipid (fat) digestion?

Answer 34

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 35

what acid is produced in the stomach?

Answer 35

hydrocloric acid

Question 36

what is the function of bile?

Answer 36

it neutralises acid from the stomach

Question 37

why proteases used in baby food?

Answer 37

protease predigests protein so the baby can absorb it more easysily

Question 38

2 types of reactions controlled by enzymes

Answer 38

1. builds large molecules from small ones | 2. breaks down big molecules to small

Question 39

why increase temp = increase rate of reaction?

Answer 39

molecule have more energy, move faster and collide often

Question 40

+/- enzymes in industry

Answer 40

less energy use(+) but expensive equipment(-)

Question 41

biological washing powders work more efficiently?

Answer 41

enzymes speed digestion of stains from food blood and grass+ lower tempo wash

Question 42

what does aerobic mean?

Answer 42

using oxygen.

Question 43

anaerobic mean?

Answer 43

not using oxygen.

Question 44

muscle cells need more of during exercise?

Answer 44

energy

Question 45

2 waste products of aerobic respiration?

Answer 45

carbon dioxide and water

Question 46

substance stored in muscles which can b converted to glucose?

Answer 46

glycogen

Question 47

word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 47

glucose+oxygen--> carbon dioxide+water(+energy)

Question 48

why do muscles become tired during exercise?

Answer 48

lactic acid build up

Question 49

changes occur to breathing and heart rate during excise?

Answer 49

increases

Question 50

blood vessels dilate during exercise

Answer 50

because supplies more energy( increase blood supply to produce oxygen and glucose and remove CO2)

Question 51

oxygen debt=?

Answer 51

amount of oxygen needed to break down lactic acid produced in aerobic respiration.

Question 52

cells divide by mitosis because?

Answer 52

to produce identical cells for growth and replace them.

Question 53

how many chromosomes in humans?

Answer 53

23 pairs or 46

Question 54

which type of cell division produces sex cells?

Answer 54

Meiosis

Question 55

what molecule are genes made of?

Answer 55

DNA

Question 56

what are alleles?

Answer 56

different forms of gene

Question 57

why does sexual reproduction result in variation?

Answer 57

genetic material is brought together when sperm&egg nuclei fuse.

Question 58

asexual reproduction are genetically the same because?

Answer 58

(produced by mitosis) because the offspring have only one parent

Question 59

term genotype?

Answer 59

type of genes present in the cells.

Question 60

meant by heterozygous individual?

Answer 60

the individual has one dominant and one recessive allele for a condition.

Question 61

what r the chances of a child having polydactyly if 1 parent is heterozygous and the other is homozygous recessive?

Answer 61

50% inheriting allele from the heterozygous parent | Think 0 and crosses chart

Question 62

how old is the earth?

Answer 62

4.5 billion yrs

Question 63

when did life begin on earth

Answer 63

3.5 billions yrs

Question 64

how r fossils dated?

Answer 64

date the rocks so fossils r the same age as the rocks they're preserved in.

Question 65

why r there no fossils of the early life forms

Answer 65

they were soft bodied

Question 66

smallest way to say 3 billion?

Answer 66

3x10^9

Question 67

how new competitor cause an extinction of a species?

Answer 67

by too little left to eat

Question 68

2 ways people can cause the extinction of some species?

Answer 68

by hunting them for food or removing habitats through pollution or by introducing by disease.

Question 69

2 main theories for extinction of dinosaurs?

Answer 69

sea ice melting reducing c temp by 9 degrees and giant asteroid.

Question 70

meant by geographical isolation?

Answer 70

2 populations become divided by e.g. a river or mountain division created

Question 71

stages of speciation?

Answer 71

reference to isolation of 2 groups, there is genetic variation in the 2 populations and alleles r selected which gives an advantage and interbreeding is no longer possible.