Cells, Tissues and body organs Flashcards
cells function: Respiration
Cells require and absorb oxygen to produce heat and energy
cells function: Growth
Cells grow to maturity by manufacturing proteins. they may then divide or specialsie
cells function: Excretion
Waste products oass out throght the cell membrane
Cell function: Irritability
Cells can respond to a physical, chemical or thermal stimulus
Cell membrane
an outer coating which transports substances into and out of the cell
Nucleus
The control centre of the cell, regulating its general and specialist function.
Ribosomes
Made RNA and protein, they manufacture other proteins
rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
this manufactures, stores, and transports material within and outside of the cell.
Mitochondria
situated in the cytoplasm, these supply the cell’s energy source
Centrioles
Essential for cell division
Lysosomes
Contain enzymes that digest worn-out parts of the cell for recycling and elimination of waste products
Golgi apparatus
modifies and stores manufactured protein and transports it out of the cell
Genes
coded instructions for making proteins and for cell function.
The functions of connective tissue
-to provide structural support such as for bones and cartilage in the skeletal system
-to protect -the skull protects the brain
-to transports substances in the blood
-to insulate
The main types of connective tissue are:
Cartilage
Adipose
Areolar
Bone
Blood
Epithelial tissues
Epithelial tissue cover the body and line cavities, hollow organs, and tube. and also found in glands of the endocrine system
The functions of the epithelial tissues are:
-protect underlying structures
-secrete
-absorb
Simple types of epithelial tissues:
-simple cuboidal
-simple squamous
-simple columnar
-cilliated
simple compound epithelium
consists of several layers of cells, the outer layer of which may be worn away.
Keratinized compound epithelium
like our skin, the outer layers of cells are dead, flattened, and filled with a protein called keratin. this gives the tissue a waterproof outer layer.
Striated (skeletal or voluntary) tissue
under conscious control, enabling us to move our bones
Non-striated(smooth or involountary)
tissue is concerned with many internal body processes and functions such as peristalsis in the digestive system.
cardiac tissue
found only in the heart wall.it is not under conscious control and never tires
Contractability
the ability to shorten and thicken
Extensibility
the abilty to strech
Elasticity
the ability to return to its original shape following contraction
Neurons
-specialised nerve cell that receives stimuli, converts it to a nerve impulse and transits this to other neurons, muscles, and glands.
-consists of cell body, an axon and many dendrites
Neuroglia
-support and protect the neurons
-small and more numerous than neurones
Brain
S: in the skull
F:the nervous centre that controls all life functions
Skin
A protective layer on the outer surface of the body
Heart
S: situated in the central chest area
F: circulates the blood to all tissues, which is essential for life.
Lungs
S: located on either side of the heart.
F:make the exchange of gases during respiration
Liver
S: in the upper right of the abdomen
f: involved in digestion and excretion of waste products
Pancreas
S: behind the stomach
F:secretes vital digestive enzymes
Stomach
S: around the midline of the body, slightly to the left.
F: important in digestion
Large intestine
where water reabsorption takes place
Small intestine
where the main food reabsorption takes place
Kidneys
s: on either side of the body, above and slightly behind the large intestine.
F: secrete urine, which is collected and stored in the bladder ready for excretion.
Uterus and ovaries
S:situated in the lower of the abdomen
F:involved in reproduction
Testes
S: in the groin
F:secrete testosterone and produce sperm
