cells & tissues Flashcards
What are the 3 principle of cell theories?
- All living things are made up of one or more cells( unicellular or multicellular)
- Cells are the most basic unit of structure and function in all living things
- All cells are created by preexisting cells
Key term
Membrane
-Consist of a phospholipid bilayer together with proteins and other components
-selectively permeable meaning that they can control the movement of other substances
Key term
Phospholipid
-Large molecules formed from a glycerol molecule covalently bound to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group
-Hydrophillic head and hydrophobic tails that create the bilayer
Key term
Cytoplasm
Fluid component of the cell enclosed by the cell membrane and surrounding the organelles
Key term
Organelles
Specialised structures within organelles that have specific functions
Some organelles found in bacterial cells
Key term
Organism
An individual plant, animal or single-celled lifeform
What is a prokaryotic cell?
- Small and simpler including bacteria
- Contain a membrane and cytoplasm and DNA
- No membrane bound organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell?
- Plant, animal, yeast, fungi and algae
- Contain membranes, cytoplasms and DNA
- Have membrane bound organelles
What is the plasma membrane?
-The plasma membrane is also known as the cell surface membrane
- consists of the phospholipid bilayer with proteins and other components
- controls what enters and exits the cell
Nucleus
The nucleus is the largest organelle and is surrounded by the nuclear envelope. It contains the genetic information in the form of DNA .
DNA is combined with proteins known a histones which forms chromatin. Chromatin is super-coiled to form chromosomes
Mitochondria
- The site of aerobic respiration
- ATP production
Aerobic respiration
This is a process that takes place in the mitochondria where glucose is reacted with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. It is an exothermic reaction so the energy created from this reaction is used to produce ATP.
Ribosome
Nucleus
The nucleus is the biggest organelle and is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Contains the genetic information in the form of DNA which is ful of histones and other proteins that make up chromatin which makes chromosomes
Mitochondria
- site of mitochondria
- produces ATP
- aerobic respiration is where glucose and and water react to produce water and carbon dioxide. The reaction is exothermic meaning it needs to use ATP as energy
- inner membrane is folded into structures called cristae
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are the smallest organelles and are the site of protein synthesis. Some ribosomes float free and others are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. They use the information coded in mRNA to assemble correct order of amino acids
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
-Has ribosomes attached to the outer layer
-Proteins are transported and folded into the RER
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-No attached ribosomes
