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ANAPHY > CELLS & TISSUES > Flashcards

CELLS & TISSUES Flashcards

1
Q

4 CONCEPTS OF THE CELL THEORY

A

A. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
B. The activity of an organism depends on the collective activities of its cells.
C. According to the principle of complementarity, the biochemical activities of cells are dictated by the relative number of their specific subcellular structures.
D. Continuity of life has a cellular basis.

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2
Q

According to the _____, the biochemical activities of cells are dictated by the relative number of their specific subcellular structures.

A

THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPLEMENTARITY

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3
Q

Is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

A

A CELL

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4
Q

4 elements most cells are composed of

A

CARBON
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
NITROGEN

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5
Q

The primary basic element of molecules

A

CARBON

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6
Q

Most important element

A

CARBON

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7
Q

Component of most organic molecules and influences body fluid

A

HYDROGEN

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8
Q

Most important genetic materials

A

NITROGEN

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9
Q

Major component in organic and inorganic molecules

A

OXYGEN

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10
Q

Anatomy of the Cell (3)

A

a. Cells are not all the same
b. All cells share general structures
c. All cells have three main regions (nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane)

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11
Q

What are the 3 main regions of cell

A

NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
PLASMA MEMBRANE

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12
Q

It is the headquarter or control center of the cell

A

NUCLEUS

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13
Q

It is called the “blueprint”

A

NUCLEUS

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14
Q

It is where DNA located

A

NUCLEUS

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15
Q

TYPES OF CELL (7)

A
  1. Cells that connect body parts
  2. Cells that cover and line body organs
  3. Cells that move organs and body parts
  4. Cell that stores nutrients
  5. Cell that fights disease
  6. Cell that gathers information and controls body functions
  7. Cell of reproduction
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16
Q

Importance of red blood cells

A

TRANSPORT OXYGEN

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17
Q

during___ is the vital role of white blood cells

A

INFECTION

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18
Q

A cell that gathers information and controls body functions

A

NERVE CELLS

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19
Q

Reproduction cell of male

A

SPERM

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20
Q

Reproduction cell of female

A

OOCYTE

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21
Q

Sequence of body tissue

A

Cells when gathered together formed TISSUES, tissues when gathered together formed ORGANS, organs when gathered together formed SYSTEMS, systems when gathered together formed an ENTIRE HUMAN BEING

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22
Q

is collectively gathered and form particular tasks

A

CELLS

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23
Q

Groups of cells with similar structure and function

A

TISSUES

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24
Q

4 primary types of tissues

A
  1. Epithelial tissue (epithelium)
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Muscle tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
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25
Q

Where do epithelial tissues are located (3)

A

BODY COVERINGS
BODY LININGS
GLANDULAR TISSUE

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26
Q

Functions of epithelial tissues

A

PROTECTION (SKIN)
ABSORPTION (STOMACH)
FILTRATION (INTESTINES)
SECRETION (GLANDS)

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27
Q

Classification of Epithelia

A

a. Number of cell layers

b. Shape of cells

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28
Q

One layer of cells means?

A

SIMPLE

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29
Q

More than one layer of cells means?

A

STRATIFIED

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30
Q

Flattened shaped of cells means

A

SQUAMOUS

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31
Q

Cube-shaped of cells means

A

CUBOIDAL

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32
Q

Column-like shape of cells means

A

COLUMNAR

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33
Q

Single layer of flat cells

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS

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34
Q

location of simple squamous (usually forms membranes)

A

LINES OF BODY CAVITIES

LINES LUNGS AND CAPILLARIES

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35
Q

Functions of simple squamous

A

IN DIFFUSION, FILTRATION, OR SECRETION IN MEMBRANES

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36
Q

Single layer of cube-like cells

A

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL

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37
Q

Locations of simple cuboidal

A

COMMON IN GLANDS AND THEIR DUCTS
FORMS WALLS OF KIDNEY TUBULES
COVERS THE OVARIES

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38
Q

Functions of simple cuboidal

A

IN SECRETION AND ABSORPTION; CILIATED TYPES PROPEL MUCUS OR REPRODUCTIVE CELLS

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39
Q

hair-like structure that would line the epithelial cells

A

CILIA

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40
Q

Function of cilia in reproduction

A

PUSH THE EGG CELL TO TRAVEL

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41
Q

Function of cilia in digestion

A

PUSH THE FOOD FURTHER TO CONTINUE MOVING

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42
Q

Function of cilia in the respiratory

A

PUSH THE AIR FURTHER IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS

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43
Q

aid in the movement of substances especially the hallow tubes in our body

A

CILIA

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44
Q

Single layer of tall cells

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR

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45
Q

What does simple columnar often includes

A

MUCUS-PRODUCING GLOBET CELLS

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46
Q

Location of simple columnar

A

LINES DIGESTIVE TRACT

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47
Q

Functions of simple columnar

A

SECRETE HORMONES

ABSORBS NUTRIENTS

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48
Q

Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others

A

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR

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49
Q

Look like more than 1 layer but it is not

A

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED

50
Q

Often loos like a double layer of cells but all cells rest on the basement membrane

A

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR

51
Q

Location of pseudostratified columnar

A

RESPIRATORY TRACT, WHERE IT IS CILIATED

52
Q

Functions of pseudostratified columnar

A

IN ABSORPTION OR SECRETION

53
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. Cells size is not permanent. It vary depending on the content of the urinary bladder

A

TRUE

54
Q

Composed of modified stratified squamous epithelium

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

55
Q

Shapes of cells depends upon the amount of stretching

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

56
Q

Functions of transitional epithelium

A

IN STRETCHING AND THE ABILITY TO RETURN TO NORMAL SHAPE

57
Q

location of transitional epithelium

A

LINES ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

58
Q

One or more cells responsible for secreting a particular product

A

GLAND

59
Q

what does secretion contains

A

PROTEIN MOLECULES IN AN AQUEOUS (WATER-BASED) FLUID

60
Q

2 MAJOR GLAND TYPES

A

ENDOCRINE GLAND

EXOCRINE GLAND

61
Q

Ductless since secretion diffuse into blood vessels

A

ENDOCRINE GLAND

62
Q

All secretion are hormones

A

ENDOCRINE GLAND

63
Q

Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface

A

EXOCRINE GLAND

64
Q

type of gland that includes sweat and oil glands

A

EXOCRINE GLANDS

65
Q

Endocrine gland vs Exocrine gland

A

THE ENDOCRINE GLAND HAS NO OPENING AND IS SEMI PREMIABLE WHICH MEANS ANY CAN PASS THROUGH IT

THE EXOCRINE GLAND HAS AN OPENING WHERE SUBSTANCES SUCH AS SWEAT AND OIL GLANDS CAN RELEASE OR PASS THROUGH

66
Q

Found everywhere in the body

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

67
Q

Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUES

68
Q

Functions of connective tissues

A

BINDS BODY TISSUES TOGETHER
SUPPORTS THE BODY
PROVIDES PROTECTION

69
Q

Connective tissue types

A

BONE
HYALINE CARTILAGE
BLOOD

70
Q

type of connective tissue that is an osseous tissue

A

BONE

71
Q

Bone is composed of (3)….

A

BONE CELLS IN LACUNAE (CAVITIES)
HARD MATRIX OF CALCIUM SALTS
LARGE NUMBERS OF COLLAGEN FIBERS

72
Q

Functions of bone

A 
TO PROTECT AND SUPPORT THE BODY
EX:
SKULL - PROTECTS THE BRAIN
VERTEBRA - PROTECTS THE SPINAL CORD
RIBCAGE - PROTECTS THE LUNGS, HEART, UPPER DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY TRACT
73
Q

Most common type of cartilage

A

HYALINE CARTILAGE

74
Q

Hyaline cartilage is composed of (2)…

A

ABUNDANT COLLAGEN FIBERS

RUBBERY MATRIX

75
Q

Locations of hyaline cartilage (2)

A

LARYNX

ENTIRE SKELETON PRIOR BIRTH

76
Q

Functions of hyaline cartilage

A

AS A MORE FLEXIBLE SKELETAL ELEMENT THAN BONE

77
Q

type of connective tissue that is a vascular tissue

A

BLOOD

78
Q

surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma

A

BLOOD CELLS

79
Q

A fluid matrix that surrounds the blood cells

A

BLOOD PLASMA

80
Q

Are visible during clotting

A

FIBERS

81
Q

Functions of blood

A

TRANSPORT VEHICLE FOR MATERIALS

82
Q

Its main purpose is to produce movement

A

MUSCLE TISSUE

83
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE
SMOOTH MUSCLE

84
Q

It is under involuntary control (cannot control the pumping of the heart)

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

85
Q

Where is cardiac muscle located

A

IN THE HEART

86
Q

Function of cardiac muscle

A

TO PUMP BLOOD

87
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells

A

STRIATED
ONE NUCLEUS PER CELL
CELLS ARE ATTACHED TO OTHER CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS AT INTERCALATED DISKS

88
Q

purpose of intercalated discs clasp together

A

TO CREATE IMPULSE AND RHYTHMIC PATTERN

89
Q

Why is there a gap between intercalated discs

A
  • TO ALLOW ION TO PASS FREELY FROM ONE CELL TO ANOTHER

- ENTRY OF SUBSTANCES IN AND OUT OF THE HEART

90
Q

under involuntary muscle

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE

91
Q

location of smooth muscle

A

FOUND IN WALLS OF HOLLOW ORGANS SUCH AS STOMACH, UTERUS, AND BLOOD VESSELS

92
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscle (3)

A

NO VISIBLE STRIATIONS
ONE NUCLEUS PER CELL
SPINDLE-SHAPED CELLS

93
Q

Composed of neurons and nerve support cells (neuroglia)

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

94
Q

What is nerve support cells called?

A

NEUROGLIA

95
Q

Function of nervous tissue

A

TO SEND IMPULSES TO OTHER AREAS OF THE BODY

96
Q

2 reactions of nervous tissue

A
  1. IRRITABILITY - ABLE TO RESPOND TO STIMULI

2. CONDUCTIVITY - ABLE TO CONDUCT IMPULSES

97
Q

Function of neuroglia (nerve support cells)

A

INSULATE, PROTECT, AND SUPPORT NEURONS

98
Q

2 types of tissue repair (wound healing)

A

REGENERATION

FIBROSIS

99
Q

Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

A

REGENERATION

100
Q

Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue (scar tissue)

A

FIBROSIS

101
Q

Whether regeneration or fibrosis occurs depends on (2):

A

TYPE OF TISSUE DAMAGED

SEVERITY OF THE INJURY

102
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. The larger the wound, the longer it takes to heal.

A

TRUE

103
Q

3 events in tissue repair

A

INFLAMMATION
GRANULATION TISSUE FORMS
REGENERATION OF SURFACE EPITHELIUM

104
Q

Due to inflammation capillaries become…

A

VERY PREMEABLE

105
Q

Events in the tissue repair where clotting proteins migrate into the area form the blood stream

A

INFLAMMATION

106
Q

Events in the tissue repair where a clot walls off the injured area

A

INFLAMMATION

107
Q

Granulation tissue forms (2)…

A

GROWTH OF NEW CAPILLARIES

REBUILD COLLAGE FIBERS

108
Q

Events in the tissue repair where scab detaches

A

REGENERATION OF SURFACE EPITHELIUM

109
Q

Cells that connect body parts

A

ERYTHROCYTES

110
Q

Cells that cover and line body organs

A

EPITHELIAL CELLS

111
Q

Cells that move organs and body parts

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE CELL

112
Q

Cells that stores nutrients

A

FAT CELL

113
Q

Cell that fights disease

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

114
Q

Cells that gathers information and controls the body functions

A

NERVE CELL

115
Q

Cell of reproduction

A

SPERM

116
Q

An organ where simple cuboidal can be found

A

KIDNEY TUBULES

117
Q

An organ where simple squamous can be found

A

ALVEOLAR (AIR SAC) WALLS

118
Q

An organ where simple columnar can be found

A

SMALL INTESTINE

119
Q

An organ where pseudostratified columnar can be found

A

HUMAN TRACHEA

120
Q

An organ where transitional epithelium can be found

A

URINARY BLADDER

ANAPHY (3 decks)

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